Rapid serologic diagnosis of pediatric typhoid fever in an endemic area: a prospective comparative evaluation of two dot-enzyme immunoassays and the Widal test.

Bhutta, Zulfiqar Ahmed; Mansurali, N.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1999.61.654

Cited by 80 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It uses a small volume of serum and the result can be interpreted in an hour. Blood culture was positive in 46% of cases which is comparable to other studies by Bhutta et al 19 , Dheer et al 26 , Mishra et al 31 and this may be attributable to the difficulties of obtaining large enough blood volumes for cultures from children and it is a low bacteremic illness.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Cross sectional study to evaluate rapid diagnostic test (Typhidot-M) as a tool for early diagnosis of Typhoid fever keeping blood culture as gold standard.

Lata¹,

Gotwal²,

Joshi³

et al. 2017

Int. J. Curr. Res. Med. Sci.

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Introduction: Typhoid fever is highly prevalent in India with hight rate of morbidity and mortality. There is paucity of data from India for its rapid detection by Rapid diagnostic test like Typhidot-M . Thus this study has been taken up to study the use of rapid diagnostic test for typhoid fever keeping blood culture test as gold standard. Materials and Methods : This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Pediatrics, Northern Railways Central Hospital, New Delhi. Blood samples of 100 patients with fever of more than 3 days duration were tested by Typhidot-M, Blood culture and S.Widal .S.Widal being done in second week of illness. Other tests for evaluation of other causes of fever were also done.. Results: Sensitivity and Specificity of Typhidot-M was found to be 97.8% and 46.3% .Positive and Negative predictive values for this test were 60.8%and 96.2%.Typhidot-M had better sensitivity and specificity than serum widal test.The association between blood culture positivity and Typhidot-M test was found to be highly significant statistically. Conclusion: We concluded that there was significant association between blood culture positivity and Typhidot -M test in our study thus we can recommend Typhidot -M as the rapid, accurate and reliable tool for the early diagnosis of typhoid fever .

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Cross sectional study to evaluate rapid diagnostic test (Typhidot-M) as a tool for early diagnosis of Typhoid fever keeping blood culture as gold standard.

Lata¹,

Gotwal²,

Joshi³

et al. 2017

Int. J. Curr. Res. Med. Sci.

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show abstract

“…Results of the Widal test have demonstrated to vary between different areas and in time, due to variation in background levels as well as a result of variation in the quality of the antigen. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The need for a rapid and inexpensive laboratory test for early and accurate diagnosis of patients with typhoid fever has prompted the exploration of a variety of serologic and antigen detection methods, including counter immunoelectrophoresis, 13,14 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), [15][16][17][18] dot immunoassay, 16,[19][20][21] hemagglutination, 22 and coagglutination. 23 However, these assays are not very easy to perform, not rapid, require special equipment or skills, or depend on electricity and on refrigeration for storage of components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple dipstick assay for the detection of Salmonella typhi-specific IgM antibodies and the evolution of the immune response in patients with typhoid fever.

Hatta

Goris²,

Heerkens³

et al. 2002

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Application of a dipstick assay for the detection of Salmonella typhi-specific IgM antibodies on samples collected from S. typhi or S. paratyphi culture-positive patients at the day of admission to the hospital revealed the presence of specific IgM antibodies in 43.5%, 92.9%, and 100% for samples collected 4-6 days, 6-9 days, and > 9 days after the onset of fever, respectively. The mean sensitivity for samples collected an average of 6.6 days after the onset of fever was 65.3%. Culture was positive in 65.9% of the cases with a final clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever. Testing of paired serum samples from culture negative patients with a final clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever resulted in staining of the dipstick in 4.3% of the samples collected at the day of admission to the hospital and in 76.6% of the samples collected one week later, thereby provided strong supporting evidence of typhoid fever by demonstrating seroconversion in a large proportion of the patients. The dipstick assay may thus also be useful for the serodiagnosis of culture-negative patients with clinical signs and symptoms consistent with typhoid fever. The advantages of the dipstick assay are that the result can be obtained on the same day allowing a prompt treatment, that only a small volume of serum is needed, and that no special laboratory equipment is needed to perform the assay. The stability of the reagents of the dipstick and the simplicity of the assay allows its use in places that lack laboratory facilities.

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“…Recently, a novel microplate agglutination assay using the absorbed sheep red blood cells to enhance the Widal test reactivity appeared to be a useful alternative technique (19). The clinical application of a dot blot test (Typhidott and Typhidot-Mt) to detect IgG and IgM antibodies to the bacteria has been evaluated and gave superior results to the Widal test [20,21]. A dipstick assay developed for use in developing countries gave unacceptable results for sensitivity or specificity [22].…”

Section: Diagnosis Methods Of Typhoid Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

Typhoid fever: misuse of Widal test in Libya

Zorgani

Ziglam

2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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The worldwide gold standard of diagnosing of enteric fever depends on the isolation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi from a patient's bone marrow and/or blood culture. In Libya clinicians are heavily dependent on the Widal test for diagnosis of enteric fever which has been used without determining the locally appropriate threshold titer, because the laboratories lack the skilled, experienced personnel and appropriate facilities to detect and serotype Salmonella isolates. To improve the diagnosis process, clinical management and reliability of public health measures, there is an urgent need for the effective training of laboratory technicians and to provide resources to culture Salmonella species according to published guidelines. Clinicians should understand the limitations of Widal test and recognize that it cannot be expected to give a reliable diagnosis.

show abstract

Rapid serologic diagnosis of pediatric typhoid fever in an endemic area: a prospective comparative evaluation of two dot-enzyme immunoassays and the Widal test.

Cited by 80 publications

References 25 publications

Cross sectional study to evaluate rapid diagnostic test (Typhidot-M) as a tool for early diagnosis of Typhoid fever keeping blood culture as gold standard.

Cross sectional study to evaluate rapid diagnostic test (Typhidot-M) as a tool for early diagnosis of Typhoid fever keeping blood culture as gold standard.

Simple dipstick assay for the detection of Salmonella typhi-specific IgM antibodies and the evolution of the immune response in patients with typhoid fever.

Typhoid fever: misuse of Widal test in Libya

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