Rapid assessment with physical examination in dyspnoeic cats: the RAPID CAT study

Dickson, David; Little, Colin; Harris, Joanne; Rishniw, Mark

doi:10.1111/jsap.12732

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Inclusion criteria for cats with FA and CB were clinical signs typical for inflammatory bronchial disease, including a cough, abnormal pulmonary auscultatory sounds or dyspnoea. Dyspnoea was defined as difficult or laboured breathing, 20 characterised by changes in type of respiration (eg, open-mouth breathing) with or without increased respiratory rate. Cats with CB had to show clinical signs for 3 months or longer, based upon the definition of CB in human medicine.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of signalment, clinical, laboratory and radiographic parameters in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis

Grotheer

Hirschberger

Hartmann

et al. 2019

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Objectives Feline asthma (FA) and feline chronic bronchitis (CB) are common respiratory conditions in cats, frequently referred to as ‘feline lower airway disease’. However, the aetiologies of both inflammatory airway diseases are probably different. Little is known about the differences in signalment, clinical signs, laboratory abnormalities and radiographic features between cats with these two airway diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate whether certain parameters can help in differentiating between both diseases, as distinguished by airway cytology. Methods Seventy-three cats with FA and 24 cats with CB were included in the retrospective study. Inclusion criteria were compatible clinical signs and a cytological evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid indicating either FA (eosinophilic inflammation) or CB (neutrophilic inflammation) without cytological or microbiological evidence of bacterial infection. Parameters of signalment, physical examination, haematology and thoracic radiographs of both disease groups were compared statistically ( P <0.05). Results The median age of cats with FA was 6 years, and was 7.5 years in cats with CB ( P = 0.640). The most commonly reported clinical signs in both groups were a cough (95% FA/96% CB; P = 1.000), pathological pulmonary auscultatory sounds (82% FA/79% CB; P = 0.766) and dyspnoea (73% FA/79% CB; P = 0.601). Abnormal radiographic lung patterns were detected in 94% of cats with FA and 91% with CB ( P = 0.629), respectively. Blood eosinophilia was significantly more common in cats with FA (40%) compared with CB (27%) ( P = 0.026). Conclusions and relevance The study indicates that a differentiation of FA and CB by means of signalment, a single clinical sign, and haematological and radiographic findings is not possible.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of signalment, clinical, laboratory and radiographic parameters in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis

Grotheer

Hirschberger

Hartmann

et al. 2019

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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“…The most common presenting sign is labored breathing, although some cats only show nonspecific signs such as hiding or inappetence. Congestive heart failure appears to be the most common cause of respiratory distress in cats . Paresis or paralysis associated with ATE is also a common presenting sign, with syncope being less common .…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with cats that have subclinical HCM, a gallop sound or an audible arrhythmia are more common in cats with CHF, and murmurs are less common . In one study, cats presented to first opinion practices for evaluation of respiratory distress with respiratory rates >80 breaths/min, gallop sounds, rectal temperatures <37.5°C or heart rates >200 bpm were more likely to have CHF than other causes of dyspnea . Pulmonary crackles can be heard when pulmonary edema is present, and breath sounds are often diminished ventrally when pleural effusion is present, together with paradoxical breathing …”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

ACVIM consensus statement guidelines for the classification, diagnosis, and management of cardiomyopathies in cats

Fuentes

Abbott

Chetboul

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

191

236

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Consensus Statements of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) provide the veterinary community with up-to-date information on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of clinically important animal diseases. The ACVIM Board of Regents oversees selection of relevant topics, identification of panel members with the expertise to draft the statements, and other aspects of assuring the integrity of the process. The statements are derived from evidence-based medicine whenever possible and the panel offers interpretive comments when such evidence is inadequate or contradictory. A draft is prepared by the panel, followed by solicitation of input by the ACVIM membership that may be incorporated into the statement. It is then submitted to the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, where it is edited before publication. The authors are solely responsible for the content of the statements. AbstractCardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of myocardial disorders of mostly unknown etiology, and they occur commonly in cats. In some cats, they are welltolerated and are associated with normal life expectancy, but in other cats they can result in congestive heart failure, arterial thromboembolism or sudden death.Cardiomyopathy classification in cats can be challenging, and in this consensus statement we outline a classification system based on cardiac structure and function (phenotype). We also introduce a staging system for cardiomyopathy that includes subdivision of cats with subclinical cardiomyopathy into those at low risk

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“…Heart disease is very common in cats, 2 , 6 and while HF is less common, it is a frequent cause of clinical signs and death. 15 Diabetes is also common in the feline population. 1 , 3 , 4 Evidence suggests that cats with heart disease that also have or later develop DM may be more likely to subsequently develop HF than those that do not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Necropsy findings in a cat with diabetes mellitus and heart failure

Dobromylskyj¹,

Little²

2021

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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Case summary A 7-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat, previously diagnosed and treated for diabetes mellitus (DM), subsequently presented in heart failure (HF). Echocardiography revealed biatrial and biventricular dilation with poor myocardial function, and a left atrial-to-aortic ratio of 1.95:1. There was caudal vena cava dilation, hepatomegaly and ascites. The HF was treated with furosemide for 5 weeks, but thereafter the cat presented recumbent and moribund, and was euthanased. Post-mortem findings included dilation of all four cardiac chambers with an increased heart weight. Microscopic examination of the heart revealed mild, predominantly interstitial or perivascular fibrosis throughout most of the myocardium, with small-to-medium-sized foci of replacement fibrosis within the left ventricular free wall and interventricular septum. There was evidence of myocyte degeneration, but myofibre disarray was mild and there was minimal evidence of inflammation. Relevance and novel information Cardiac disease is common in cats and while HF is less common, it is a frequent cause of clinical signs and death. DM is a relatively common feline endocrinopathy. This case report describes DM and HF presenting as comorbidities, including detailed ante- and post-mortem findings. The case, and the epidemiology of these conditions, raise the question of whether a form of diabetic cardiomyopathy exists in cats, as it appears to do in humans.

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Rapid assessment with physical examination in dyspnoeic cats: the RAPID CAT study

Cited by 29 publications

References 20 publications

Comparison of signalment, clinical, laboratory and radiographic parameters in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis

Comparison of signalment, clinical, laboratory and radiographic parameters in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis

ACVIM consensus statement guidelines for the classification, diagnosis, and management of cardiomyopathies in cats

Necropsy findings in a cat with diabetes mellitus and heart failure

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