Rapid determination of acyclovir in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with direct sample injection and its clinical application

Abstract

A simple MEKC with UV detection at 254 nm for analysis of acyclovir in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by direct injection without any sample pretreatment is described. The separation of acyclovir from biological matrix was performed at 25 degrees C using a BGE consisting of Tris buffer with SDS as the electrolyte solution. Several parameters affecting the separation of the drug from biological matrix were studied, including the pH and concentrations of the Tris buffer and SDS. Using dyphylline as an internal standard, the linear ranges of the method for the determination of acyclovir in plasma and in CSF all exceeded the range of 2-50 microg/mL; the detection limit of the drug in plasma and in CSF (S/N = 3; injection 3.45 kPa, 5 s) was 1.0 microg/mL. The applicability of the proposed method for determination of acyclovir in plasma and CSF collected at 8 h after intravenous administration of 500 mg acyclovir (Zovirax) in two patients with herpes simplex encephalitis was demonstrated.

Capillary electrophoresis analysis of biofluids with a focus on less commonly analyzed matrices

“…Fosfomycin was analyzed by indirect-UV, with sodium-4-hydroxybenzoate as an absorbing anion in the high-pH BGE and cetrimide as a wall-coating flow-reversal agent, resulting in an LOD of 1 g/mL, with simple ultrafiltration for sample preparation. Chen and co-workers have published several papers using similar MEKC conditions with an SDS-containing Tris buffer for the direct injection analysis of antiviral [138] and antibiotic [139] compounds. Klekner et al described the application of their MEKC method in the monitoring of cefazolin in CSF and wound fluid after prophylactic administration of the drug during neurosurgery [140].…”

MEKC as a powerful growing analytical technique

“…Bioanalysis of drugs from various biological fluids including plasma 34, 171, 211, 253–269, urine 270–282, and cerebrospinal fluid 9, 254, 257, 282–285 have been successfully achieved by MEKC.…”

“…In addition, it is regarded as an environmentally friendly technique due to the use of little amount of aqueous separation buffer. Most drug analysis, either from pharmaceutical dosage form 5–8 or from biological samples 9–13, can be successfully achieved by MEKC. Special importance is for the effective separation of neutral drug molecules.…”

Soot-Based Reduced Graphene Quantum Dot/Hemin Conjugate for Favipiravir Sensing

“…19 It is well known that fluorescence turn-on-based sensing is superior to that of fluorescence turn-off-based sensing, which is attributed to a higher degree of selectivity, resolution, and lower potential errors for the former. 20 Also, fluorescence measurement-based sensing is straightforward and cost effective compared to other techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography, 21 flow injection chemiluminescence, 22 radioimmunoassay, 23 micellar electrokinetic chroma-tography, 24 high-performance capillary electrophoresis, 25 etc. Therefore, the main goal of this work is to achieve fluorescence-based sensing of API and its pharmaceutical cocrystals using a fluorescence turn-on mechanism.…”