Rapid determination of comparative drought tolerance traits: using an osmometer to predict turgor loss point

Bartlett, Megan K.; Scoffoni, Christine; Ardy, Rico Chandra; Zhang, Ya Ping; Sun, Shanwen; Cao, Kun‐Fang; Sack, Lawren

doi:10.1111/j.2041-210x.2012.00230.x

Cited by 220 publications

(351 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This equation should be validated and extended for additional species, for rapid estimation of «, which typically is obtained from pressure-volume curves, and can take 1 to 2 d of measurements per species. Such rapid measurement of a key pressure-volume parameter complements the recently described osmometer measurement of p o and p TLP (Bartlett et al, 2012a).…”

Section: Applications Of Leaf Shrinkage For Drought Monitoring and Drmentioning

confidence: 66%

Leaf Shrinkage with Dehydration: Coordination with Hydraulic Vulnerability and Drought Tolerance

et al. 2013

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Leaf shrinkage with dehydration has attracted attention for over 100 years, especially as it becomes visibly extreme during drought. However, little has been known of its correlation with physiology. Computer simulations of the leaf hydraulic system showed that a reduction of hydraulic conductance of the mesophyll pathways outside the xylem would cause a strong decline of leaf hydraulic conductance (K leaf ). For 14 diverse species, we tested the hypothesis that shrinkage during dehydration (i.e. in whole leaf, cell and airspace thickness, and leaf area) is associated with reduction in K leaf at declining leaf water potential (C leaf ). We tested hypotheses for the linkage of leaf shrinkage with structural and physiological water relations parameters, including modulus of elasticity, osmotic pressure at full turgor, turgor loss point (TLP), and cuticular conductance. Species originating from moist habitats showed substantial shrinkage during dehydration before reaching TLP, in contrast with species originating from dry habitats. Across species, the decline of K leaf with mild dehydration (i.e. the initial slope of the K leaf versus C leaf curve) correlated with the decline of leaf thickness (the slope of the leaf thickness versus C leaf curve), as expected based on predictions from computer simulations. Leaf thickness shrinkage before TLP correlated across species with lower modulus of elasticity and with less negative osmotic pressure at full turgor, as did leaf area shrinkage between full turgor and oven desiccation. These findings point to a role for leaf shrinkage in hydraulic decline during mild dehydration, with potential impacts on drought adaptation for cells and leaves, influencing plant ecological distributions.

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Section: Applications Of Leaf Shrinkage For Drought Monitoring and Drmentioning

confidence: 66%

Leaf Shrinkage with Dehydration: Coordination with Hydraulic Vulnerability and Drought Tolerance

et al. 2013

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“…These correlations provide a framework representative of many species for extrapolating plant responses to a wide range of water stress from a small number of measured traits. Extrapolating from the correlations with K stem Ψ 50 , which has been measured for the most species (4), or π tlp , which can be assessed rapidly (25), provides a reasonable estimate for less commonly measured Ψ leaf at 50% loss of stomatal conductance 49 Ψ W at 50% loss is a standard and, thus, comparable measure of drought tolerance across physiological processes (6) g S Ψ 95…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The correlations and sequence of plant stomatal, hydraulic, and wilting responses to drought

Bartlett

Klein

Jansen

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Climate change is expected to exacerbate drought for many plants, making drought tolerance a key driver of species and ecosystem responses. Plant drought tolerance is determined by multiple traits, but the relationships among traits, either within individual plants or across species, have not been evaluated for general patterns across plant diversity. We synthesized the published data for stomatal closure, wilting, declines in hydraulic conductivity in the leaves, stems, and roots, and plant mortality for 262 woody angiosperm and 48 gymnosperm species. We evaluated the correlations among the drought tolerance traits across species, and the general sequence of water potential thresholds for these traits within individual plants. The trait correlations across species provide a framework for predicting plant responses to a wide range of water stress from one or two sampled traits, increasing the ability to rapidly characterize drought tolerance across diverse species. Analyzing these correlations also identified correlations among the leaf and stem hydraulic traits and the wilting point, or turgor loss point, beyond those expected from shared ancestry or independent associations with water stress alone. Further, on average, the angiosperm species generally exhibited a sequence of drought tolerance traits that is expected to limit severe tissue damage during drought, such as wilting and substantial stem embolism. This synthesis of the relationships among the drought tolerance traits provides crucial, empirically supported insight into representing variation in multiple traits in models of plant and ecosystem responses to drought. drought tolerance | stem hydraulics | leaf hydraulics | stomatal closure | turgor loss point P lants worldwide are expected to face more frequent and severe droughts under climate change (1). Characterizing drought tolerance for diverse species is key to improved predictions of ecosystem responses to global change (2), and ecological and phylogenetic patterns have been established across many species for individual drought tolerance traits (3-7). However, plant drought tolerance is determined by multiple traits. The relationships among traits within plants and across species have not been evaluated for general patterns across global plant diversity. We synthesized the published data to elucidate global patterns in the relationships among stomatal, hydraulic, and leaf mesophyll drought tolerance traits. We evaluated the roles of functional coordination, covariance with water stress, and shared ancestry in driving trait correlations across species. Additionally, we focused on clarifying relationships among drought tolerance traits within plants of given species, i.e., determining the sequence of their water potential thresholds.Classical drought tolerance traits quantify the water potentials that induce declines in key physiological processes, such as stomatal conductance, hydraulic conductivity, and cell turgor pressure. Previous studies have shown that these water potential thresholds are i...

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“…In July-August 2014, the osmotic potential at full turgor was also measured with the hygrometer technique (π 0_WP4 , Bartlett et al 2012a;Savi et al 2016c) to verify the reliability of parameters extrapolated by the PV curve elaboration. Plants were irrigated to field capacity the evening prior to the experiments.…”

Section: Measurements Of Leaf Physiological and Morpho-anatomical Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morpho-anatomical and physiological traits in saplings of drought-tolerant Mediterranean woody species

Savi

Love

Borgo

et al. 2017

Trees

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Key message: Easily measurable functional traits can be used as proxies in the selection of drought-tolerant saplings for reforestation in Mediterranean ecosystems. Abstract: Heat and drought events—increasing both in frequency and severity—have led to forest decline, and are a serious threat for the Mediterranean biome. Whereas drought tolerance of adult trees of different Mediterranean species has been widely investigated, this is not the case for saplings and young trees. We analysed correlations and trade-offs among leaf (water potential at the turgor loss point, Ψtlp, modulus of elasticity, ε, osmotic potential at full turgor, π0, leaf capacitance, Cleaf_dw, leaf venation, VLA, leaf mass per area, LMA) and stem (wood capacitance and wood density, Cwood and Dwood, stem-specific conductivity and water potential inducing 50% loss of hydraulic conductance) functional traits of saplings for 14 woody species of the Mediterranean flora. The results support previously reported correlations among functional traits known to confer drought tolerance to plants. In particular, Ψtlp was positively correlated to π0, Cleaf_dw and VLA, while negatively correlated to ε and LMA. A highly significant correlation was highlighted between Cwood and Dwood. Overall, we observed surprisingly low symplastic and apoplastic resistance. We identify some easily measurable traits (π0 and LMA), which evidence seedlings’ ability to cope with drought, and which therefore could be used as proxies in the selection of drought-tolerant saplings for reforestation in Mediterranean areas

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Rapid determination of comparative drought tolerance traits: using an osmometer to predict turgor loss point

Cited by 220 publications

References 54 publications

Leaf Shrinkage with Dehydration: Coordination with Hydraulic Vulnerability and Drought Tolerance

Leaf Shrinkage with Dehydration: Coordination with Hydraulic Vulnerability and Drought Tolerance

The correlations and sequence of plant stomatal, hydraulic, and wilting responses to drought

Morpho-anatomical and physiological traits in saplings of drought-tolerant Mediterranean woody species

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