Rapid Diagnosis of Bancroftian Filariasis by Acridine Orange Staining of Centrifuged Parasites

Freedman, David O.; Berry, Robert S.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1992.47.787

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…CD8 T cells are good candidates to be important sources of cytokine in lymphatic filariasis. We have reported the striking and consistent finding of a CD8 T-cell infiltrate in the tissue biopsies from individuals with clinical filariasis (10). Moreover, we have found that CD8 T cells can be a major source of IL-5 production in patients who have cleared infection (4).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

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Differences in the Frequency of Cytokine-Producing Cells in Antigenemic and Nonantigenemic Individuals with Bancroftian Filariasis

Almeida

Silva²,

Braga³

et al. 1998

Infect Immun

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Individuals with clinical manifestations of lymphatic filariasis may be currently infected or not. Twenty-five individuals from aWuchereria bancrofti-endemic area of Brazil were classified as being asymptomatic microfilaremic individuals, antigenemic individuals with clinical filariasis, or nonantigenemic individuals with clinical filariasis. Intracellular cytokine staining of mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) showed that the frequency of either gamma interferon (IFN-γ)- or interleukin-4 (IL-4)-producing cells was higher in the nonantigenemic individuals with clinical filariasis than in the asymptomatic microfilaremic individuals (geometric means, 22.1 versus 10.7% [P = 0.02] and 2.9 versus 1.4% [P= 0.01], respectively). When the asymptomatic microfilaremic individuals and antigenemic individuals with clinical filariasis were grouped together to constitute all actively infected individuals, the frequency of IFN-γ-producing cells was also lower than in the nonantigenemic individuals with clinical filariasis (P= 0.04). Likewise, the frequency of IL-4-producing cells in the actively infected individuals was also lower than in the nonantigenemic individuals with clinical filariasis (P = 0.02). No differences in the frequency of IFN-γ-, IL-4-, or IL-5-producing cells in purified CD4 T lymphocytes were found among the groups. These findings suggest that the presence of antigenemia, which is an indicator of current active infection, is closely associated with the frequency of IFN-γ- and IL-4-producing cells in lymphatic filariasis. The differences found in the frequency of cytokine-producing cells among the three groups appear to be due to a subset of cells other than CD4 T cells.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Microfilaria counts by Nuclepore (Corning-Costar, Cambridge, Mass.) filtration of 3 ml of night blood were as described previously (10). Subjects were classified into three groups as previously described (4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the Frequency of Cytokine-Producing Cells in Antigenemic and Nonantigenemic Individuals with Bancroftian Filariasis

Almeida

Silva²,

Braga³

et al. 1998

Infect Immun

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“…The Knott's technique is preferred when the microfilarial load is low. The use of quantitative buffy coat has been reported to be acceptable for the diagnosis of microfilariae, with a sensitivity similar to that of a thick film (10).…”

Section: Specimen Collection Preparation and Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Identification and Differentiation of Microfilariae

2019

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The morphologic similarities of the microfilariae and their infrequency in clinical specimens in settings of endemicity present challenges to clinical laboratories in maintaining competence for accurate identification and differentiation. We present here a review of the primary filarial nematodes causing human infection, including an illustrated key, which we hope will improve the diagnostic capabilities of hematologists, microbiologists, medical technologists, and similarly qualified laboratorians.

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“…There are studies in the literature, which support the use of QBC examination for rapid and accurate detection of microfilariae in blood. [11] Nonetheless, QBC has the limitations that adjustment to the technique needs expertise and a fluorescence microscope is required. In the present case, considering the parasitic count and the clinical condition of the patient, it was decided to treat both the parasites.…”

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confidence: 99%