Rapid diagnostics of coronavirus disease 2019 in early stages using nanobiosensors: Challenges and opportunities

Abstract

The rapid outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) around the world is a tragic and shocking event that demonstrates the unpreparedness of humans to develop quick diagnostic platforms for novel infectious diseases. In fact, statistical reports of diagnostic tools show that their accuracy, specificity and sensitivity in the detection of COVID-face challenges that can be eliminated by using nanoparticles (NPs). In this study, we aimed to present an overview on the most important way to diagnose different kinds of viruses followed by the introduction of nanobiosensors. Afterward, some methods of coronavirus detection such as imaging, laboratory and kit-based diagnostic tests are surveyed. Furthermore, nucleic acids/protein- and-immunoglobulin (Ig)-based nanobiosensors for the COVID-19 detection infection are reviewed. Finally, current challenges and future perspective for the development of diagnostic or monitoring technologies in the control of COVID-19 are discussed to persuade the scientists in advancing their technologies beyond imagination. In conclusion, it can be deduced that as rapid COVID-19 detection infection can play a vital role in disease control and treatment, this review may be of great help for controlling the COVID-19 outbreak by providing some necessary information for the development of portable, accurate, selectable and simple nanobiosensors.

Role of biomaterials in the diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and study of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

“…To overcome these challenges, researchers have been w o r k i n g t o d ev e l o p a ra p i d , lo w -co s t , r el i a bl e and portable device [107]. Alternatively, biomaterial-based tools have shown potential for use in virus detection [6,107]. In the following section, point of care (POC) systems, their mechanism are introduced, and their potential use for the management of recent pandemic is discussed.…”

“…To overcome these challenges, researchers have been working to develop a rapid, low-cost, reliable and portable device [ 107 ]. Alternatively, biomaterial-based tools have shown potential for use in virus detection [ 6 , 107 ].…”

The Promise of Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens for Detecting COVID-19

“…Since the number of viruses reach the maximum in the first few days of infection, nucleic acid assays can provide the earliest information to determine the presence or absence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus ( 9 ). Although the protocols and advances of nucleic acid assays have been reviewed ( 8 – 12 ), little attention is paid to the design of luminescence probes for highly sensitive detection of the amplified cDNA. Typically, commercial double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) binding dyes (e.g., SYBR Green) show low luminescence in the free state but enhanced luminescence upon insertion into the dsDNA sequence ( 9 ).…”

“…Current detection methods can be divided into two categories: nucleic acid assays and immunological assays ( 8 – 12 ). Nucleic acid assays directly detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the upper respiratory tract during the first days of infection.…”

Nanobiosensor‐based diagnostic tools in viral infections: Special emphasis on Covid‐19

“… 56 Nanobiosensors have various advantages over conventional methods like they are reusable and very fast, suitable for mass production with less power consumption, placement of enzymes and so on. 26 Moreover, the use of nano‐sized components in nanobiosensors increases their sensitivity which makes it possible to engineer smaller sized sensors that can be used to minimise the laboratory space necessities. Finally, construction expenses of these nanobiosensors can be reduced by employing advanced technology and this can, in turn, reduce clinical healthcare costs for the detection and diagnosis of different diseases.…”