Rapid Differentiation of Experimental Populations of Wheat for Heading Time in Response to Local Climatic Conditions

Goldringer, Isabelle; Prouin, Claire; Rousset, M.; Galic, Nathalie; Bonnin, Isabelle

doi:10.1093/aob/mcl160

Cited by 76 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This can be interpreted as the consequence of divergent selection acting on these traits (Whitlock, 1999) as was shown by previous studies on these populations (Rhoné, 2008) and for other traits such as disease resistance (Paillard et al, 2000) or heading date (Goldringer et al, 2006). Non-additive effects such as dominance or epistasis are expected to lower the estimation of Q ST (Whitlock, 1999;Goudet and Buchi, 2006).…”

Section: Between-population Heterosis or Outbreeding Depressionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Plant material Development of the dynamic management populations: A total of 16 nearly homozygous genotypes (referred to as 'initial lines' hereafter) of Triticum aestivum L. representing a wide genetic basis were initially crossed using a pyramidal design (Goldringer et al, 2006). The hybrid seeds obtained were then sown and bulk harvested for three generations of seed multiplication.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To this aim, genetic diversity and phenotypic variability were analyzed in three DM populations after 12 generations of evolution without conscious human selection. Previous studies on these populations have shown that populations have diverged for different traits, such as disease resistance (Paillard et al, 2000) and earliness (Goldringer et al, 2006), in relation to local conditions. Three levels of crosses (selfing and withinpopulation and between-population crosses) were carried out and phenotypic values of the progeny were analyzed to assess individual inbreeding depression and between-population heterosis or outbreeding depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inbreeding depression and low between-population heterosis in recently diverged experimental populations of a selfing species

et al. 2010

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In fragmented populations, genetic drift and selection reduce genetic diversity, which in turn results in a loss of fitness or in a loss of evolvability. Genetic rescue, that is, controlled input of diversity from distant populations, may restore evolutionary potential, whereas outbreeding depression might counteract the positive effect of this strategy. We carried out self-pollination and crosses within and between populations in an experimental subdivided population of a selfing species, Triticum aestivum L., to estimate the magnitude of these two phenomena. Surprisingly, for a self-fertilizing species, we found significant inbreeding depression within each population for four of the six traits studied, indicating that mildly deleterious mutations were still segregating in these populations. The progeny of within-and betweenpopulation crosses was very similar, indicating low betweenpopulation heterosis and little outbreeding depression. We conclude that relatively large population effective sizes prevented fixation of a high genetic load and that local adaptation was limited in these recently diverged populations. The kinship coefficient estimated between the parents using 20 neutral markers was a poor predictor of the progeny phenotypic values, indicating that there was a weak link between neutral diversity and genes controlling fitnessrelated traits. These results show that when assessing the viability of natural populations and the need for genetic rescue, the use of neutral markers should be complemented with information about the presence of local adaptation in the subdivided population.

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Section: Between-population Heterosis or Outbreeding Depressionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inbreeding depression and low between-population heterosis in recently diverged experimental populations of a selfing species

et al. 2010

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“…Population studied: The wheat experimental population was part of a dynamic management program aimed at investigating an evolutionary conservation method for the genetic resources of cultivated species (Goldringer et al 2006). Sixteen homozygous genotypes were used as the parents of the population.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Estimation of Mutation Rates in a Wheat Population With a Gene Genealogy Approach

et al. 2008

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Microsatellite markers are extensively used to evaluate genetic diversity in natural or experimental evolving populations. Their high degree of polymorphism reflects their high mutation rates. Estimates of the mutation rates are therefore necessary when characterizing diversity in populations. As a complement to the classical experimental designs, we propose to use experimental populations, where the initial state is entirely known and some intermediate states have been thoroughly surveyed, thus providing a short timescale estimation together with a large number of cumulated meioses. In this article, we derived four original gene genealogy-based methods to assess mutation rates with limited bias due to relevant model assumptions incorporating the initial state, the number of new alleles, and the genetic effective population size. We studied the evolution of genetic diversity at 21 microsatellite markers, after 15 generations in an experimental wheat population. Compared to the parents, 23 new alleles were found in generation 15 at 9 of the 21 loci studied. We provide evidence that they arose by mutation. Corresponding estimates of the mutation rates ranged from 0 to 4.97 3 10 À3 per generation (i.e., year). Sequences of several alleles revealed that length polymorphism was only due to variation in the core of the microsatellite. Among different microsatellite characteristics, both the motif repeat number and an independent estimation of the Nei diversity were correlated with the novel diversity. Despite a reduced genetic effective size, global diversity at microsatellite markers increased in this population, suggesting that microsatellite diversity should be used with caution as an indicator in biodiversity conservation issues. B ECAUSE microsatellite markers (tandemly repeated DNA motifs of 1-6 bp in length) are highly polymorphic and since they are distributed across the whole genome (Wu and Tanksley 1993;Plaschke et al. 1995;Pejic et al. 1998), they constitute a powerful tool to assess the level of genetic differentiation within and among experimental or natural populations at different generations. The high degree of polymorphism at microsatellite markers is directly related to their underlying mutation rates, which can be explained by two mutational mechanisms: polymerase slippage during DNA replication and unequal crossing over during recombinationbut not excluding SNP mutations at a lower rate. These two mechanisms involve changes in the number of motif repeats. Understanding the evolutionary properties of microsatellites is hence necessary for correctly interpreting diversity data when studying populations across generations and/or populations that have spatially diverged (Ellegren 2004).An increasing number of studies have been devoted to the estimation of mutation rates at microsatellite loci (e.g., Schug et al. 1998;Symonds and Lloyd 2003;Denver et al. 2004;Thuillet et al. 2004), which reveal a far more complex scheme for microsatellite evolution than previously stated (Schlö tterer 2000;Elleg...

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“…This breeding strategy fulfils a number of goals that in light of the negative consequences of agriculture based on genetically uniform crops should be promoted and encouraged. Dynamic management of genetic resources, achieved through the cultivation of genetically diverse populations such as CCPs, subjected to different environments and selective pressures, provides an excellent complementary tool with which to conserve the genetic diversity of agricultural crops (Paillard et al, 2000;Goldringer et al, 2001Goldringer et al, , 2006Porcher et al, 2004;Phillips and Wolfe, 2005;Döring et al, 2011). In addition, CCPs are widely used as a resource for selection (Clark et al, 2006;Jackson, 2011;Enjalbert et al, 2011;Goldringer et al, 2001Goldringer et al, , 2006Döring et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary changes of weed competitive traits in winter wheat composite cross populations in organic and conventional farming systems

Bertholdsson

Weedon

Brumlop

et al. 2016

European Journal of Agronomy

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a b s t r a c tSeedling root and shoot growth in hydroponics and allelopathic activity using a bioassay have been studied in very diverse populations of winter wheat grown under either organic or conventional conditions for a number of generations and subjected only to natural selection. The study was conducted on seeds from generation 6 (F 6 ) and 11 (F 11 ) from three composite cross populations (CCPs) produced by the Organic Research Centre in the UK. Since the F 5 the populations were maintained under organic and conventional conditions in Germany. Two parallel populations were created from each CC, resulting in a total of six organic and six conventional CCPs. The sets of parallel populations showed similar evolutionary trends indicating that the observed changes are related to differences in management rather than chance. Seedling root length and seedling root and shoot weight in the F 11 of the organically-managed CCPs were significantly greater than in the organic F 6 CCPs. In the conventionally-managed CCPs no such differences were observed. Both organic and conventional CCPs produced for quality showed higher early root and shoot growth than those produced for yield pointing to genetic differences among population types and highlighting the importance of early vigour for NUE. There were no significant differences in the allelopathic activity of the populations and between generations. The Shannon-Weaver diversity indices were similar for the studied traits in organic and conventional CCPs and hence no major changes in diversity had occurred between F 6 to F 11 . As changes in plant height were small and weed pressure in the fields low it is concluded that the observed differences are more related to NUE, rather than intra-specific competition for light or the direct effect of increased weed pressure in the organic system.

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Rapid Differentiation of Experimental Populations of Wheat for Heading Time in Response to Local Climatic Conditions

Cited by 76 publications

References 46 publications

Inbreeding depression and low between-population heterosis in recently diverged experimental populations of a selfing species

Inbreeding depression and low between-population heterosis in recently diverged experimental populations of a selfing species

Experimental Estimation of Mutation Rates in a Wheat Population With a Gene Genealogy Approach

Evolutionary changes of weed competitive traits in winter wheat composite cross populations in organic and conventional farming systems

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