Rapid filtration

Ives, Kenneth J.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(70)90068-0

Cited by 108 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The process of particle retaining by nonwoven geotextile is similar to deep bed filtration, where the pore size of the filter is larger than the particle size (Ives, 1970). In this case, the particles are deposited on the surface of the filter material as a result of the following forces: electrostatic, van der Waals forces, mutual adsorption, and straining.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Soil Immobilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamics of soil immobilization in the immobilized soil bioreactor

1997

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Section: Mechanisms Of Soil Immobilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamics of soil immobilization in the immobilized soil bioreactor

1997

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“…Head loss can be interpreted in terms of hydrodynamic shear, either as a shear rate or a shear stress with a mean shear rate, G, in porous media (37) given by: (4) where ρ is fluid density, g is gravity, ΔH is head loss in the lower L = 1.3 cm of the filter, and porosity is ε = 0.35. The mean shear stress, τ = μG, provides insight into the strength of the particle deposits.…”

Section: Hydrodynamic Shearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic and Chemical Factors in Clogging by Montmorillonite in Porous Media

Mays

2007

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Clogging by colloid deposits is important in water treatment filters, groundwater aquifers, and petroleum reservoirs. The complexity of colloid deposition and deposit morphology preclude models based on first principles, so this study extends an empirical approach to quantify clogging using a simple, one-parameter model. Experiments were conducted with destabilized suspensions of sodiumand calcium-montmorillonite to quantify the hydrodynamic and chemical factors important in clogging. Greater clogging is observed at slower fluid velocity, consistent with previous investigations. However, calcium-montmorillonite causes one order of magnitude less clogging per mass of deposited particles compared to sodium-montmorillonite or a previously published summary of clogging in model granular media. Steady state conditions, in which the permeability and the quantity of deposited material are both constant, were not observed, even though the experimental conditions were optimized for that purpose. These results indicate that hydrodynamic aspects of clogging by these natural materials are consistent with those of simplified model systems, and they demonstrate significant chemical effects on clogging for fully destabilized montmorillonite clay.

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“…In any case, water to be filtered may contain a variety of suspended particulates: colloidal clays, organic colloids, and precipitated oxides, softening products, hydroxides of aluminium or iron, bacteria, algae, or viruses. Direct deep bed filtration of wastewater is frequently used either as a means of polishing an effluent or to make the water more suitable for subsequent treatment processes [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%