2020
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69635-2
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Rapid fragmentation of microplastics by the freshwater amphipod Gammarus duebeni (Lillj.)

Abstract: Microplastics have become ubiquitous in all environments. Yet, their environmental fate is still largely unknown. Plastic fragmentation is a key component of plastic degradation, which is mostly caused by abiotic processes over prolonged time scales. Here, it is shown that the freshwater amphipod Gammarus duebeni can rapidly fragment polyethylene microplastics, resulting in the formation of differently shaped and sized plastic fragments, including nanoplastics. Fragments comprised 65.7% of all observed micropl… Show more

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Cited by 134 publications
(64 citation statements)
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“…facial scrubs or exfoliants; primary MP) and particles derived from the fragmentation of larger debris in seawater (secondary MP) (Cole et al 2011). Fragmentation processes can lead to the creation of nano-sized debris, known as nanoplastics (NP <1 mm), as demonstrated under laboratory conditions (Gigault et al 2016;Lambert and Wagner 2016;Dawson et al 2018;Ekvall et al 2019;Mateos-C ardenas et al 2020) and recently underlined by the detection for the first time of plastic particles <1 mm in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre (Ter Halle et al 2017). In addition to the fragmentation processes, recent works detected primary NP in cosmetics (Hernandez, Yousefi, and Tufenkji 2017) or a waste of industrial processes (Stephens et al 2013;Zhang et al 2012), being, therefore, possible direct sources in the environment.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…facial scrubs or exfoliants; primary MP) and particles derived from the fragmentation of larger debris in seawater (secondary MP) (Cole et al 2011). Fragmentation processes can lead to the creation of nano-sized debris, known as nanoplastics (NP <1 mm), as demonstrated under laboratory conditions (Gigault et al 2016;Lambert and Wagner 2016;Dawson et al 2018;Ekvall et al 2019;Mateos-C ardenas et al 2020) and recently underlined by the detection for the first time of plastic particles <1 mm in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre (Ter Halle et al 2017). In addition to the fragmentation processes, recent works detected primary NP in cosmetics (Hernandez, Yousefi, and Tufenkji 2017) or a waste of industrial processes (Stephens et al 2013;Zhang et al 2012), being, therefore, possible direct sources in the environment.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This can be explained by the predominance of MP < 50 μm ingested by Chironomidae (>99%; Figure S4 ) or by particle fragmentation occurring inside the Chironomidae body. 59 Density ( i.e., polymer identity) showed a significant difference between Asellidae and Chironomidae at site S1 ( p < 0.05, Figure 2 ). This significant difference in characteristics of MP ingested by different taxa on the same location demonstrates that uptake is taxon-specific.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thirdly, mysids fragmented microplastics into smaller particles and helped the release of chemicals from plastics. Some crustacean species can fragment plastics into smaller particles, including mysids (A. L. Hasegawa and Nakaoka, 2021;Mateos-Cárdenas et al, 2020). Generally, smaller plastics can release chemicals more easily due to their larger surface-to-volume ratio (Wright and Kelly, 2017).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%