“…New approaches to differential hybridization to identify rare mRNA clones from cDNA libraries using single-stranded cDNA (Boll etal., 1986); 5. Use of UV-irradiation to covalently bind DNA to solid supports (Stollar and Rashtchian, 1987) and immobilization of DNA to Sephacryl 500 dextran supports, which improve hybridization efficiencies to 80% compared to 20% with filter hybridization (Goldkorn and Prockop, 1986;Gingeras, Kwoh and Davis, 1987;Thompson and Gillespie, 1987;Wolf et al, 1987); 6. Hybridization strategies that reduce background from samples or enable the use of solution hybridization, which can reduce hybridization times to a few minutes (Gingeras, Kwoh and Davies, 1987;Karjalainen, Rouhainen and Soderlund, 1987;Nicholls, Langdale and Malcolm, 1987;Wilkins and Snell, 1987;Palva, Nyberg and Palva, 1988;Urdea etal., 1988); 7.…”