Rapid incorporation of carbon from ectomycorrhizal mycelial necromass into soil fungal communities

Drigo, Barbara; Anderson, Ian C.; Kannangara, G. S. Kamali; Cairney, John; Johnson, David

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.003

Cited by 83 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Recently, Schweigert et al (2015) traced the fate of 13 C-labeled Laccaria bicolor biomass amendments in an in vitro soil bioreactor experiment. They found that a significant proportion of the 13 C (52%) remained undecomposed in the form of stable SOM after 231 d. This is in contrast to prior studies that generally have found rapid decomposition of hyaline necromass (Koide and Malcolm, 2009;Wilkinson et al, 2011;Drigo et al, 2012;Fernandez and Koide, 2012). This discrepancy may be due to the fact that Schweigert et al (2015) used only mineral soil and perhaps had higher protected fungal C via sorption to soil structures (see discussion below) while previous studies used amended organic layers (Koide and Malcolm, 2009;Drigo et al, 2012;Fernandez and Koide, 2012).…”

Section: Physical and Spatial Protectionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…In addition, initial chitin concentrations were positively related to percent mass loss of the necromass. Supporting these findings, Drigo et al (2012), used a microcosm experiment designed to examine the decay of cell wall components of the EM fungus Pisolithus microcarpus utilizing stable isotope probing methods. They found a rapid decline (within 10 days of addition) in the chemical functional groups associated with the glucanechitin complex.…”

Section: Polysaccharides: Glucans and Chitinmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…First, in many cases little cytoplasm remains in senescing fungal tissues due to vacuolization accompanied by the movement of cytoplasm to vital regions of the mycelium (Saltarelli et al, 1998). Second, as with plant litters, the cytoplasmic fraction does not vary much in quality, is highly labile and appears to be rapidly taken up by decomposer organisms leaving mostly the cell wall fraction remaining (Nakas and Klein, 1979;Moucawi et al, 1981;Drigo et al, 2012). Therefore, it seems likely that the nature and composition of the cell wall fraction exerts the most control on the long-term decomposition of EM fungal necromass.…”

Section: Necromass Chemical Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most fungi will produce a diffuse mycelium when grown in culture in which resources are homogeneously distributed. Thus, the research examining the decomposition of fungal tissues has been biased towards lab-grown diffuse mycelium (see Koide and Malcolm, 2009;Koide et al, 2011;Wilkinson et al, 2011;Drigo et al, 2012;Fernandez and Koide, 2012). However, the physiochemical properties of hyphae are often dependent on the structures that are constructed in response to the natural environment.…”

Section: Other Secondary Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in EM fungal mat communities, in which soils have large quantities of standing fungal biomass, chitin and N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG) are cycled quickly compared to soils where mat-forming EM fungi are absent (Zeglin et al, 2013), perhaps due to decomposer communities specializing on EM fungal necromass in mat soils (Kluber et al, 2011). DNA-stable isotope probing (SIP) techniques coupled to molecular methods and bioinformatics might be an approach that will allow us to trace C and N that is found in EM fungal necromass into decomposer pools (Drigo et al, 2012). The extent to which C and nutrients in EM fungal necromass are recycled by live EM fungi is not clear but this represents a potentially significant line of future research, as this would reduce the amount of C entering both the decomposer and SOM pools (Kerley and Read, 1998;Lindahl et al, 2002;Clemmensen et al, 2015).…”

Section: Decomposer Communities and Extracellular Enzyme Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The decomposition of ectomycorrhizal fungal necromass

Fernandez¹,

Langley

Chapman

et al. 2016

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

181

109

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a b s t r a c tThe turnover of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal biomass represents a significant input into forest carbon (C) and nutrient cycles. Given the size of these fluxes, understanding the factors that control the decomposition of this necromass will greatly improve understanding of C and nutrient cycling in ecosystems. Recent research has highlighted the considerable variation in the decomposition rates of EM fungal necromass, and patterns from this research are beginning to emerge. In this article we review the research that has examined both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that control the decomposition of EM fungal necromass and propose additional factors that may strongly influence EM fungal necromass decomposition and ecosystem properties. We argue that, as with most plant litters, the stoichiometry (C:N) of EM necromass is an important factor governing decomposition, but its role is modulated by the nature of the C and N in the tissue. In particular, melanin concentration appears to negatively influence the quality of EM fungal necromass much as lignin does in plant litters. Other intrinsic factors such as the morphology of the mycelium may also play a large role and suggest this as a focus for future research. Extrinsic factors, such as decomposer community activity and physical protection by soil, are also likely to be important in governing the decomposition of ectomycorrhizal necromass in situ. Finally, we highlight the potential importance of EM fungal necromass diversity and abundance in influencing terrestrial biogeochemical cycles. Understanding the factors that control the decomposition of EM necromass will then improve the predictive power of next-generation terrestrial biosphere models.

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Section: Physical and Spatial Protectionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Polysaccharides: Glucans and Chitinmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Necromass Chemical Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Secondary Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Decomposer Communities and Extracellular Enzyme Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The decomposition of ectomycorrhizal fungal necromass

Fernandez¹,

Langley

Chapman

et al. 2016

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

181

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Metagenomics for Study of Fungal Ecology

Lindahl

Kuske

2013

The Ecological Genomics of Fungi

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Ectomycorrhizas and tree seedling establishment are strongly influenced by forest edge proximity but not soil inoculum

Grove

Saarman

Gilbert

et al. 2019

Ecological Applications

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Reforestation is challenging when timber harvested areas have been degraded, invaded by nonnative species, or are of marginal suitability to begin with. Conifers form mutualistic partnerships with ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) to obtain greater access to soil resources, and these partnerships may be especially important in degraded areas. However, timber harvest can impact mycorrhizal fungi by removing or compacting topsoil, removing host plants, and warming and drying the soil. We used a field experiment to evaluate the role of EMF in Douglas‐fir reforestation in clearcuts invaded by Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom) where traditional reforestation approaches have repeatedly failed. We tested how planting distance from intact Douglas‐fir forest edges influenced reforestation success and whether inoculation with forest soils can be used to restore EMF relationships. We used an Illumina DNA sequencing approach to measure the abundance, richness and composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi on Douglas‐fir roots, and assessed differences in Douglas‐fir seedling survival and growth near to and far from forest edges with and without forest soil inoculum. Planting Douglas‐fir seedlings near forest edges increased seedling survival, growth, and EMF root colonization. Edge proximity had no effect on EMF richness but did change fungal community composition. Inoculations with forest soil did not increase EMF abundance or richness or change community composition, nor did it improve seedling establishment. With Illumina sequencing, we identified two to three times greater species richness than described in previous edge effects studies. Of the 95 EMF species we identified, 40% of the species occurred on less than 5% of the seedlings. The ability to detect fungi at low abundance may explain why we did not detect differences in EMF richness with distance to hosts as previous studies. Our findings suggest that forest edges are suitable for reforestation, even when the interiors of deforested areas are not. We advocate for timber harvest designs that maximize edge habitat where ectomycorrhizal fungi contribute to tree establishment. However, this study does not support the use of inoculation with forest soil as a simple method to enhance EMF and seedling survival.

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Rapid incorporation of carbon from ectomycorrhizal mycelial necromass into soil fungal communities

Cited by 83 publications

References 43 publications

The decomposition of ectomycorrhizal fungal necromass

The decomposition of ectomycorrhizal fungal necromass

Metagenomics for Study of Fungal Ecology

Ectomycorrhizas and tree seedling establishment are strongly influenced by forest edge proximity but not soil inoculum

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