Rapid Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Tetracyclines in Animal Feeds Using a Surfactant Solution as Mobile Phase

Extraction and Determination of Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride and Oxolinic Acid in Fish Feed by Derivative Spectrophotometry of First Order

“…Several methods have been reported for individual or simultaneous determination of these drugs in animal muscle tissue (Hernández-Arteseros et al 2002;Pouliquen et al 1997;Oka and Matsumoto 2000), biological fluids (Oka and Matsumoto 2000), and environmental matrices (Pouliquen et al 2007;Halling-Sørensen et al 2003); however, in the feed matrices have only been reported in the individual determination of OTC (Fernández-González et al 2002;Wang et al 2005) and OA (Saad et al 2002), or in combination with other drugs (Thiex and Larson 2009;Wang et al 2008;Weng et al 2003;Caballero et al 2002;Galarini et al 2009;Pecorelli et al 2003), but a simultaneous determination between OTC and OA has not been reported. These reported methods used various analytical techniques for the determination of these antibiotics, including TLC (Weng et al 2003), capillary electrophoresis (Saad et al 2002), and spectrofluorimetry (Fernández-González et al 2002;Wang et al 2005), HPLC (Pouliquen et al 1997;Halling-Sørensen et al 2003;Wang et al 2008;Galarini et al 2009), and also, they used sophisticated instrumentation of high cost and specific detectors such as LC-MS-MS (Blanchflower et al 1997).…”

Capillary electrophoretic method for the simultaneous determination of tetracycline residues in fish samples

“…chelates with metal ions as well to dehydrogenation, photodegradation or partial epimerization at the 4-position [2][3][4][5]. Secondly, they can be difficult to be extracted from biological matrix into organic solvents due to binding to protein.…”

“…To overcome these problems, most extraction techniques from tissues use a strong acid or acidic deproteinizing agents. Both to improve the extraction efficiency and to avoid the inclusion of a competing chelating agent, the isolation of TCs was performed in the presence of sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate (Na 2 EDTA), citric or oxalic acids [5].…”

Analytical procedure for the determination of tetracyclines in medicated feedingstuffs by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

“…citric, boric, and humic acids). Therefore, for the extraction of this group of compounds the McIlvaine buffer containing EDTA is the most widely used solution, due to its properties of complexing metal cations (4).…”

“…There are several analytical techniques used to quantify TCs in feeds: TLC (15), HPLC (4,11,16,17,20), HPCE (11,22), LC/MS, LC-MS/MS (6,8,10), and microbiological assays (15). Nowadays, liquidchromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry seem to be the techniques of choice for analysis of these groups of antibiotics.…”