Rapid Loss of Genetic Variation in Large Captive Populations of Drosophila Flies: Implications for the Genetic Management of Captive Populations

Briscoe, David A.; Malpica, José M.; Robertson, Alan; Smith, Gabrielle J.; Frankham, Richard; Banks, Robert; Barker, J. S. F.

doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1992.06030416.x

Cited by 142 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Laboratory populations can be exposed to both laboratory selection (Hoffmann et al 2001) and genetic drift when kept at low population sizes (Briscoe et al 1992). The population used in the current study was kept at high population sizes (2Ð 3,000), making it unlikely to be severely affected by genetic drift.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and Population Density Effects on Locomotor Activity of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

et al. 2013

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The behavior of ectotherm organisms is affected by both abiotic and biotic factors. However, a limited number of studies have investigated the synergistic effects on behavioral traits. This study examined the effect of temperature and density on locomotor activity of Musca domestica (L.). Locomotor activity was measured for both sexes and at four densities (with mixed sexes) during a full light and dark (L:D) cycle at temperatures ranging from 10 to 40ºC. Locomotor activity during daytime increased with temperature at all densities until reaching 30ºC and then decreased. Highdensity treatments significantly reduced the locomotor activity per fly, except at 15ºC. For both sexes, daytime activity also increased with temperature until reaching 30 and 35ºC for males and females, respectively, and thereafter decreased. Furthermore, males showed a significantly higher and more predictable locomotor activity than females. During nighttime, locomotor activity was considerably lower for all treatments. Altogether the results of the current study show that there is a significant interaction of temperature and density on daytime locomotor activity of M. domestica and that houseflies are likely to show significant changes in locomotor activity with change in temperature. BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne's Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use.Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BEHAVIOR Temperature and Population Density Effects on Locomotor Activity ofMusca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) ABSTRACT The behavior of ectotherm organisms is affected by both abiotic and biotic factors. However, a limited number of studies have investigated the synergistic effects on behavioral traits. This study examined the effect of temperature and density on locomotor activity of Musca domestica (L.). Locomotor activity was measured for both sexes and at four densities (with mixed sexes) during a full light and dark (L:D) cycle at temperatures ranging from 10 to 40ЊC. Locomotor activity during daytime increased with temperature at all densities until reaching 30ЊC and then decreased. Highdensity treatments signiÞcantly reduced the locomotor activity per ßy, except at 15ЊC. For both sexes, daytime activity also increased with temperature until reaching 30 and 35ЊC for males and females, respectively, and thereafter decreased. Furthermore, males showed a signiÞcantly higher and more predictable locomotor activity than females. During nighttime, locomotor activity ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and Population Density Effects on Locomotor Activity of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

et al. 2013

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“…Although the derived measures H O and H E theoretically do not have a normal distribution, the empirical distribution of the residuals did follow a normal distribution as assumed in ANOVA. The loss of expected heterozygosity and loss of alleles over the generations were estimated by regression analysis using the natural logarithm of H E or the total number of alleles (Briscoe et al, 1992). After fitting the generation we added the term locus.…”

Section: B Gautschi Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective number of breeders and maintenance of genetic diversity in the captive bearded vulture population

et al. 2003

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We combined pedigree data with data derived from 14 microsatellite loci to investigate genetic diversity and its maintenance in the captive source population for the reintroduction of the bearded vulture into the Alps. We found the captive population to be genetically more variable than the largest natural population in Europe, both in terms of mean number of alleles per locus and mean observed and expected heterozygosity. Allelic diversity of the captive population was higher than, and mean heterozygosity measurements were comparable with the ones found in two large, extinct populations from Sardinia and the Alps represented by museum specimens. The amount of genetic variability recruited with the founders was still present in the captive population of the year 2000, mainly because the carriers of rare alleles were still alive. However, the decline in expected heterozygosity and the loss of alleles over generations in captivity was significant. Point estimates of effective population size, N e , based on pedigree data and estimates of effective number of breeders, N b , based on allele frequency changes, ranged from 20 to 30 and were significantly smaller than the census size. The results demonstrate that the amount of genetic variability in the captive bearded vulture population is comparable or even larger than the amount present in natural populations. However, the population is in danger to lose genetic variability over time because of genetic drift. Management strategies should therefore aim at preserving genetic variability by minimising kinship, and at increasing N e by recruiting additional founders and enhancing gene flow between the released, the captive and natural populations.

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“…Recently, the NCARL nondiapausing strain, the same strain as the Standard Strain used here, was reported to have lost 15Ð39% of its genetic diversity compared with wild populations of D. v. virgifera (Kim et al 2007). This loss of genetic diversity is not unique to D. v. virgifera as strains of laboratory reared Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) were shown to have less genetic diversity than wild populations (Briscoe et al 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Soybean Varieties on Survival and Fecundity of Western Corn Rootworm

Dunbar¹,

Gassmann²

2012

jnl. econ. entom.

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The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a major pest of corn (Zea mays L.) in North America and has evolved resistance to crop rotation by ovipositing in alternate crops such as soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Through experiments with plants grown in the greenhouse and the field, we tested whether soybeans with resistance to the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), affected survival, fecundity, and consumption of soybean for D. v. virgifera. Soybean varieties tested included those types resistant to A. glycines (Rag1 and rag1/rag3) and a susceptible near isoline of the Rag1 variety. Females were provided with a diet of corn tissue for 4 d after which they were fed a diet of tissue from one of three soybean varieties for 4 d, starved for 4 d, or fed corn tissue. When fed greenhouse grown plants, strains differed significantly in survival and consumption, but consumption did not differ by variety of soybean. Diet treatment only affected fecundity; individuals fed corn continuously had greater fecundity than those individuals fed soybeans. In the experiment with plants grown in the field, leaf consumption differed among strains and individuals fed corn continuously had greater fecundity than the other treatments. Soybean varieties with Rag1 and rag1/rag3 resistance toA. glycines did not appear to affect the fitness of D. v. virgifera. Thus, planting of these A. glycines-resistant soybean varieties should not directly affect the spread of rotation-resistant D. v. virgifera. KeywordsAphis glycines, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, host plant resistance, Rag genes, rotation resistance RightsThis article is the copyright property of the Entomological Society of America and may not be used for any commercial or other private purpose without specific written permission of the Entomological Society of America.This article is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ent_pubs/184BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Effect of Soybean Varieties on Survival and Fecundity of Western Corn RootwormAuthor (s)

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Rapid Loss of Genetic Variation in Large Captive Populations of Drosophila Flies: Implications for the Genetic Management of Captive Populations

Cited by 142 publications

References 47 publications

Temperature and Population Density Effects on Locomotor Activity of <I>Musca domestica</I> (Diptera: Muscidae)

Temperature and Population Density Effects on Locomotor Activity of <I>Musca domestica</I> (Diptera: Muscidae)

Effective number of breeders and maintenance of genetic diversity in the captive bearded vulture population

Effect of Soybean Varieties on Survival and Fecundity of Western Corn Rootworm

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