“…For example, bacterial production of acetic acid and other fermentation products, as well as branchedâchain amino acids, can influence the activity of insulinâlike/target of rapamycin (IIS/TOR) signalling (Shin et al, ; Storelli et al, ). IIS/TOR signalling has a central role in regulating cell and organismal growth, as well as female fecundity, and, consequently, life history strategies (McGaugh et al, ; Oldham, ). Drosophila melanogaster life history and survival can also be influenced by bacterial consumption of glucose (Chaston et al, ; Huang & Douglas, ) or by synthesis of methionine (Judd et al, ) and B vitamins (Sannino, Dobson, Edwards, Angert, & Buchon, ; Wong, Dobson, & Douglas, ), suggesting candidate bacterial functions that may mediate shifts in D. melanogaster life history strategy.…”