Rapid prescreening of papanicolaou smears

Abstract

Population stratification results from unequal, nonrandom genetic contribution of ancestors and should be reflected in the underlying genealogies. In Quebec, the distribution of Mendelian diseases points to local founder effects suggesting stratification of the contemporary French Canadian gene pool. Here we characterize the population structure through the analysis of the genetic contribution of 7,798 immigrant founders identified in the genealogies of 2,221 subjects partitioned in eight regions. In all but one region, about 90% of gene pools were contributed by early French founders. In the eastern region where this contribution was 76%, we observed higher contributions of Acadians, British and American Loyalists. To detect population stratification from genealogical data, we propose an approach based on principal component analysis (PCA) of immigrant founders' genetic contributions. This analysis was compared with a multidimensional scaling of pairwise kinship coefficients. Both methods showed evidence of a distinct identity of the northeastern and eastern regions and stratification of the regional populations correlated with geographical location along the St‐Lawrence River. In addition, we observed a West‐East decreasing gradient of diversity. Analysis of PC‐correlated founders illustrates the differential impact of early versus latter founders consistent with specific regional genetic patterns. These results highlight the importance of considering the geographic origin of samples in the design of genetic epidemiology studies conducted in Quebec. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the study of deep ascending genealogies can accurately reveal population structure. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Rapid Pre-Screening Is More Sensitive in Liquid-Based Cytology than in Conventional Smears

“…RPS is a useful quality improvement technique in the gynecologic cytology laboratory [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. As our data shows, missed cases detected by rapid pre-screening are associated with a significant number of CIN1 and CIN3 and higher lesions on histology.…”

“…Rapid pre-screening (RPS) is a useful quality improvement technique that not only can estimate the sensitivity and specificity of both the laboratory and the individual cytotechnologists (CTs) in the laboratory in actual practice, but can detect errors before the final diagnosis and can thus improve the estimated sensitivity of the laboratory overall [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. In addition, it has recently been shown that long-term use of RPS significantly improves the estimated sensitivity of a subset of individual CTs in routine screening, presumably by providing constant, accurate, real-time feedback, improving both the accuracy and precision of the laboratory [12].…”

Surrogate indicators of sensitivity in gynecologic cytology: Can they be used to improve the measurement of sensitivity in the laboratory?

“…In other words, all the cases included in the current study relate to a routine screening population. The cases included in the study underwent RPS in a manner similar to that which we have previously reported[89] with the following modifications. The majority of screeners spend between 15 and 30 min to rapidly prescreen one set of approximately 20 slides each day, allowing 45–90 s to screen each slide.…”

Controle da Qualidade em Citopatologia Cervical: Revisão de Literatura

“…Outro método que tem sido abordado com a finalidade de aumentar a sensibilidade do exame citopatológico é o pré-escrutínio rápido, que consiste no escrutínio rápido de todos os esfregaços, durante um tempo limitado de no máximo 120 segundos, antes do escrutínio de rotina. Assim como na revisão rápida, todos os esfregaços identificados como suspeitos e que não foram identificados pelo escrutínio de rotina são posteriormente submetidos a uma revisão detalhada por um profissional experiente, que determinará o diagnóstico final 25,27,54,58,65,[67][68][69] . A exemplo da revisão rápida, esse método tem sido praticado principalmente no Reino Unido.…”

“…A exemplo da revisão rápida, esse método tem sido praticado principalmente no Reino Unido. Duas vantagens do pré-escrutínio rápido em relação à revisão rápida são descritas: primeira, o trabalho fica mais interessante para os escrutinadores porque a prevalência das anormalidades é maior devido ao fato de que todos os esfregaços são submetidos à pré-avaliação, ao passo que, na revisão rápida pósescrutínio de rotina, os esfregaços anormais identificados são separados e somente os negativos são revisados; segunda, a sensibilidade relativa do pré-escrutínio rápido e do escrutínio de rotina pode ser estimada 29,46,54,62,65,67,69 .…”