Rapid quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction with novel phospholipid cleanup: A streamlined ultra high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection approach for screening polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in avian blood cells and plasma

Abstract

A streamlined method has been developed for the isolation and analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in avian blood cells and plasma utilizing quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction in combination with novel phospholipid cleanup technology. A variety of traditional extraction and cleanup techniques have been employed in the preparation and analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsin a variety of matrices; liquid-liquid partitioning, solid-phase extractions, gel permeation chromatography, and column chromatography are all effective techniques, however they are laborious and time consuming processes that require large amounts of solvent. Using quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction coupled with phospholipid cleanup, samples can be quickly screened while maintaining high throughput and sensitivity. With a liquid chromatography approach, analysis times may be kept short at 16 min while maintaining high analyte recovery. Recoveries in quality control samples ranged from 70 to 109%, with average surrogate recoveries of 80.6 ± 1.10%. The result of using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction approach in conjunction with phospholipid cleanup is a methodology that significantly reduces sample preparation time and solvent use while maintaining high sensitivity and reproducibility.

Quantification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Avian Dried Blood Spots by Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography with Simple Liquid Extraction and Phospholipid Solid-phase Extraction Preparation

“…This allowed the spots to retain all of the spiking solution as the only area for diffusion to occur was on the dried blood spot itself. This method produced acceptable recoveries (Table 5) similar to results obtained in whole blood or plasma by other methods developed in our laboratory (Yeudakimau et al 2013;Provatas et al 2015).…”

“…Previous investigations conducted by our research group reported the analysis of PAHs using whole blood and plasma as a sample matrix requiring the use of QuEChERS dispersive extraction prior to a phospholipid solid phase cleanup (Provatas et al 2015). The methodology described in this manuscript however, is a refined development of our previous efforts to utilize the advantages of the dry blood sampling technique described above for environmental analysis.…”

Trace‐level analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human plasma or serum by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

“…Recently, the analysis of dried blood for PCBs and OCPs by GC-MS/MS was attempted, but the detection limit is very high in the range of 40.4-179.2 ng/g for PCBs and 37.6-145.1 ng/g for OCPs, so it is difficult to use it for the general public with low exposure (Provatas et al, 2019). On the other hand, the LODs for PAHs of this method are much lower than those of previous studies using GC-MS (Pleil et al, 2010) and LC-MS/MS (Provatas et al, 2015). The most distinctive feature of this method is that PAHs can be quantified with high sensitivity in one run with OCPs and PCBs.…”

“…Recently, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has been recognized as an efficient analytical technique for biological sample analysis because of its advantages of reasonable price, low interference effect and high sensitivity. A study has been developed to analyze PAH using LC–MS/MS (Provatas et al, 2015), but this method is not suitable for analyzing PAH, PCB and OCP together. For a high‐sensitivity analysis of PCB, OCP and PAH in serum or plasma, it is advantageous to use GC–MS/MS analysis equipment.…”

Rapid determination of trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in particulate matter using accelerated solvent extraction followed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

“…PAHs have been determined using GC, GC–MS, HPLC, and UHPLC . Compared with GC and GC−MS, HPLC, or UHPLC is more suitable for the separation of PAHs of high boiling points with isomers included, and has therefore been developed by coupling it to the detectors such as the fluorescence detector (FLD), the diode array detector (DAD), and the UV detector (UVD).…”