Rapid Removal of Symptomatic Trees Reduces Dutch Elm Disease Infection Rates

Veilleux, Jonathan; Leferink, J.; Holliday, N. J.

doi:10.48044/jauf.2012.016

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 11 publications

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“…American elms need not disappear entirely from the streets of America. Restrained planting of tested DED-tolerant cultivars is not unreasonable, especially when trees are monitored and symptomatic trees are quickly treated or removed (Veilleux et al 2012). Yet, there is justifiable hesitance to use tolerant rather than resistant elms in great numbers, and therefore, alternative elms are still being developed and introduced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elms Revisited

Marcotrigiano¹

2017

AUF

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Until Dutch elm disease (DED) was accidentally introduced into the United States around 1930, the streets in many states were lined with American elms (Ulmus americana). This review highlights the aftermath of DED, and updates readers on the advances in our knowledge of the pathosystem, which consists of a tree, a fungal pathogen, and an insect vector. Conventional breeding has produced new cultivars of American elm that are more disease-tolerant, although still not resistant. Suitable DED-resistant hybrid elms have been bred using species from Europe and Asia. The discovery of diploid populations of American elm may open new opportunities in elm hybridization and genome analysis. Growing knowledge of resistance mechanisms reveals a complex interaction of anatomy, physiology, environmental factors, and tree age. The beetle’s role is largely understood but appears not to be a viable point of attack in the war on DED. The genome of the fungal pathogen has been sequenced, and gene expression studies are well under way. There is a renewed interest in understanding the evolution, genetics, and physiology of the DED pathogen. The genetic engineering of elms has been demonstrated but not with the specificity and vigor as has been reported for genetically engineered American chestnut. Elm yellows, caused by a phytoplasma, are still a deadly problem for elms, although outbreaks are more regional than for DED. Germplasm resources are critical to elm improvement, and the first comprehensive survey of living elm species, hybrids, and cultivars growing in America is presented in tabular form.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elms Revisited

Marcotrigiano¹

2017

AUF

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Twenty-four years of Dutch Trig® application to control Dutch elm disease

Postma

Geijn

2016

BioControl

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Since 1992 elm trees have been treated with a biological control product Dutch Trig Ò to protect them from infection by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi causing Dutch elm disease (DED). The active ingredient of the biocontrol product consists of the fungus Verticillium albo-atrum strain WCS850. A conidiospore suspension of this fungus is injected into the vascular system of elm trees at a height of 1.3 m. This biocontrol product prevents healthy elm trees from fungal infection transmitted by elm bark beetles. Dutch Trig Ò , however, does not protect already infected trees or trees connected with diseased trees via root grafts. Since 2010, only 0.1 % of the injected elms became infected with DED through beetle transmission and an additional 0.4 % of the treated elms were infected through root contact in the Netherlands. Regression analysis considering all injected elm trees in the Netherlands since 1992 indicated that DED infection through beetle transmission had significantly decreased during the 24 years application of Dutch Trig Ò . In 2015, approximately 28,300 trees in five countries (Netherlands, USA, Germany, Canada and Sweden) were treated with Dutch TrigÒ to protect valuable susceptible elm trees, mainly in urban environments.

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Rapid Removal of Symptomatic Trees Reduces Dutch Elm Disease Infection Rates

Cited by 2 publications

References 11 publications

Elms Revisited

Elms Revisited

Twenty-four years of Dutch Trig® application to control Dutch elm disease

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