Rapid reorganization of microtubular cytoskeleton accompanies early changes in nuclear ploidy and chromatin structure in postmitotic cells of barley leaves infected with powdery mildew

Abstract

Rapid reorganization of microtubular cytoskeleton accompanies early changes in nuclear ploidy and chromatin structure in postmitotic cells of barly leaves infected with powdery mildew. Baluska, F.; Bacigalova, K; Oud, J.L.; Hauskrecht, M.; Kubica, S. Published in: Protoplasma DOI:10.1007/BF01272854 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA):Baluska, F., Bacigalova, K., Oud, J. L., Hauskrecht, M., & Kubica, S. (1995). Rapid reorganization of microtubular cytoskeleton accompanies early changes in nuclear ploidy and chromatin structure in postmitotic cells of barly leaves infected with powdery mildew. Protoplasma, 185, 140-151. DOI: 10.1007/BF01272854 General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Summary. Post-mitotic ePidermal cells of barley leaves were found to contain, in addition to cortical microtubules (CMTs), distinct arrays of endoplasmic microtubules (EMTs). These encircle nuclei and continuously merge into the CMT arrays that underly the plasmalemma. Detailed three-dimensional reconstruction of both types of MTs during fungal infection showed that profound and very rapid MT rearrangements occurred especially in the case of incompatible (resistant) barley-powdery mildew genotype combination. The most early MT responses, followed by their subsequent complete disintegration, were recorded around nuclei. These events might be relevant for the induction of such nuclear processes as onset of DNA synthesis and nuclear chromatin condensation. Observed pattern of early infection events, as well as less prominent responses in the case of compatible (susceptible) barley-powdery mildew genotype combination, both findings suggest that rapid reorganization of the MT cytoskeleton could be involved in recognition of the fungus by host cells and in the initiation of resistance responses in barley leaves. We hypothesize that the integrity and dynamics of the MT cytoskeleton, especially of its perinuclear part, might participate in control mechanisms involved in activation of resistance genes.

A Barley ROP GTPase ACTIVATING PROTEIN Associates with Microtubules and Regulates Entry of the Barley Powdery Mildew Fungus into Leaf Epidermal Cells

“…Host MTs in the Interaction with B. graminis f. sp hordei MTs are reorganized in barley epidermal cells upon attack by powdery mildew fungi (Baluska et al, 1995;Kobayashi et al, 1997). By contrast, Takemoto et al (2003) did not observe strong differences of MT organization in compatible versus incompatible couples of three different Arabidopsis-oomycete interactions.…”

Mycorrhiza-induced differential response to a yellows disease in tomato

“…However, AMP roots failed to reach the high percentage of 8C typical of AM roots. Polyploidization is common in various symbiotic systems (Williamson and Hadley 1969;Hadley and Williamson 1972;Meijer 1982) and should be related to increased cell size (Meleragno et al 1993), high metabolic activities , rearrangement of DNA organization (Wolffe 1991;Baluska et al 1995) and silencing or overexpression of some genes (Mittelsten Scheid et al 1996;Galitski et al 1999).…”

Use of Molecular Cytology to Study the Structure and Biology of Phytopathogenic and Mycorrhizal Fungi

“…Following infection, in resistant plants the microtubules undergo a reorganization similar to that of the actin microfilaments-they become focused into a radial array centered on the infection site ( Figs. 24 and 25; Kobayashi et al, 1992Kobayashi et al, , 1994Kobayashi et al, , 1997bBaluska et al, 1995). In resistant parsley suspension culture cells, the initial distribution of the cortical microtubules is not as well ordered as in the epidermal or mesophyll cells and there is a local depolymerization of microtubules at the infection site (Gross et al, 1993).…”