Rapid seedling obtaining from
European ash species <i>Fraxinus excelsior</i> (L.)
and <i>Fraxinus angustifolia</i> (Vahl.)

Raquininsta, Christian; Jung-Muller, Bernard; Dufour, Jean; Frascaria‐Lacoste, Nathalie

doi:10.1051/forest:2002009

Cited by 31 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…[16,19]) is well documented, and some studies had pointed out differences in the strength of dormancy between the two species [16]. Raquin et al [19] compared the relative efficiency of germination of F. excelsior and F. angustifolia (with seed samples from one population of each species), applying three different treatments and suggested that germination tests can be potentially used as a first test to separate the two species. The embryo/seed size ratio gives a first measure of the underdevelopment of the embryo, and this character is known to be involved in germination ability and evolution of seed dormancy [1,2,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[17,24]) or both (e.g. [16,19]) is well documented, and some studies had pointed out differences in the strength of dormancy between the two species [16]. Raquin et al [19] compared the relative efficiency of germination of F. excelsior and F. angustifolia (with seed samples from one population of each species), applying three different treatments and suggested that germination tests can be potentially used as a first test to separate the two species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The former is sought-after because of its tough and elastic wood and its rapid growth. The latter, with a more Mediterranean distribution [3,15], has wood that is considered of lower quality under oceanic climates [19], and thus its presence is undesirable in common ash stands (see [11] for OECD certification scheme of forest reproductive materials). Unfortunately, morphological characters frequently fail to distinguish individuals of the two species, particularly in zones of sympatry where interspecific hybridization has been suspected [18,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New insights in the recognition of the European ash speciesFraxinus excelsiorL. andFraxinus angustifoliaVahl as useful tools for forest management

et al. 2006

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-Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) and narrow-leaved ash (F. angustifolia Vahl) are the most common ash species in Western Europe. The former is considered to be a highly valuable timber tree and contamination of its seed lots by the latter is strongly undesirable. We studied molecular, physiological and morphological characteristics that can help to detect the presence of F. angustifolia at the population level, either in seed and/or seedling samples, or in adult ash leave samples from natural or managed populations. First we developed two molecular markers, which correspond to a RAPD-SCAR marker and a nuclear microsatellite-derived marker. Results indicate that these markers are almost specific to one or the other species for a set of populations sampled across Europe. Second, first year dormancy was studied using germination tests without stratification. F. excelsior seeds did not germinate at all, while germinations were observed in samples of F. angustifolia and introgressed populations after 16 weeks. In addition, F. angustifolia embryo/seed length ratios at the dispersal stage were significantly higher than those from F. excelsior populations. This study provides straightforward and robust tools for avoiding commercial problems of impurity of seed lots and can help forest managers to certify common ash stands.ashes / RAPD-SCAR / dormancy / discriminant markers / hybridization Résumé -De nouveaux outils pour la reconnaissance des frênes européens Fraxinus excelsior L. et F. angustifolia Vahl : une aide au diagnostic. Le frêne commun (Fraxinus excelsior L.) et le frêne oxyphylle (F. angustifolia Vahl) sont les deux espèces de frêne les plus répandues en Europe occidentale. Le frêne commun étant le seul à posséder une importante valeur commerciale, la contamination de lots de graines par du frêne oxyphylle est fortement indésirable. Nous avons étudié des caractéristiques moléculaires, morphologiques et physiologiques qui pourront se révéler très utiles à la détection de la présence de F. angustifolia à l'échelle populationnelle, dans des lots de graines ou de semis, ainsi que dans des échantillons de feuilles d'arbres adultes issus de populations naturelles ou exploitées. Nous avons développé deux marqueurs moléculaires, un SCAR-RAPD et un marqueur issu d'un locus microsatellite nucléaire. Testés sur un ensemble de populations européennes, ces marqueurs se sont révélés quasi-spécifiques de l'une ou l'autre des deux espèces. D'autre part, nous avons étudié la dormance des graines en première année par des tests de germination sans stratification. Aucune germination n'a été observée sur un ensemble de descendances de frêne commun, alors que des germinations ont été observées sur toutes les descendances de frêne oxyphylle après seize semaines, ainsi que sur certaines descendances issues de populations introgressées. Enfin, nous avons montré que les embryons de F. excelsior à maturité dispersive occupent significativement moins de place dans la graine que ceux de F. angustifolia. Cette étude permet de ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New insights in the recognition of the European ash speciesFraxinus excelsiorL. andFraxinus angustifoliaVahl as useful tools for forest management

et al. 2006

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“…In both species, the fruit consists of winged seeds (samaras) that are dispersed by wind. In continental Europe, F. angustifolia usually flowers a few months earlier than F. excelsior (Raquin et al, 2002b;Jato et al, 2004). However, an overlap in flowering times of the two species has been recorded in the Loire hybrid zone (France), but in this case assortative mating produces significant genetic isolation (Gérard et al, 2006b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seeds were air-dried for 2 weeks at room temperature, rehydrated slightly overnight in water at 4 1C, immersed in 0.3 M NaOH at room temperature for 20 min and then sterilized for 2 h in calcium hypochlorite (70% active chlorine) at 4 1C (Raquin et al, 2002b). Seed wings were removed and the seeds were checked for the presence of whole embryos using a stereomicroscope.…”

Section: Dna Extraction and Genotyping Of Microsatellite Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thank you for not flowering: conservation genetics and gene flow analysis of native and non-native populations of Fraxinus (Oleaceae) in Ireland

et al. 2014

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The risks of gene flow between interfertile native and introduced plant populations are greatest when there is no spatial isolation of pollen clouds and phenological patterns overlap completely. Moreover, invasion probabilities are further increased if introduced populations are capable of producing seeds by selfing. Here we investigated the mating system and patterns of pollen-mediated gene flow among populations of native ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and mixed plantations of non-native ash (F. angustifolia and F. excelsior) as well as hybrid ash (F. excelsior Â F. angustifolia) in Ireland. We analysed the flowering phenology of the mother trees and genotyped with six microsatellite loci in progeny arrays from 132 native and plantation trees (1493 seeds) and 444 potential parents. Paternity analyses suggested that plantation and native trees were pollinated by both native and introduced trees. No signs of significant selfing in the introduced trees were observed and no evidence of higher male reproductive success was found for introduced trees compared with native ones either. A small but significant genetic structure was found (^f t ¼ 0.05) and did not correspond to an isolation-by-distance pattern. However, we observed a significant temporal genetic structure related to the different phenological groups, especially with early and late flowering native trees; each phenological group was pollinated with distinctive pollen sources. Implications of these results are discussed in relation to the conservation and invasiveness of ash and the spread of resistance genes against pathogens such as the fungus Chalara fraxinea that is destroying common ash forests in Europe.

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Common Ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)

Douglas¹,

Pliūra²,

Dufour³

et al. 2013

Managing Forest Ecosystems

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Rapid seedling obtaining from European ash species Fraxinus excelsior (L.) and Fraxinus angustifolia (Vahl.)

Cited by 31 publications

References 11 publications

New insights in the recognition of the European ash speciesFraxinus excelsiorL. andFraxinus angustifoliaVahl as useful tools for forest management

New insights in the recognition of the European ash speciesFraxinus excelsiorL. andFraxinus angustifoliaVahl as useful tools for forest management

Thank you for not flowering: conservation genetics and gene flow analysis of native and non-native populations of Fraxinus (Oleaceae) in Ireland

Common Ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)

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