Rapid toxicity assessment of water-soluble and water-insoluble chemicals using a modified agar plate method

Liu, D.; Chau, Y. K.; Dutka, B. J.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(89)90099-7

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The toxicity of Hg2+ (i.e., positive control) was found to be 0.1 mg/L after 18 h incubation at 30°C. Liu et al (1989) observed the organisms grew well even at 20°C after 24 h. This might be because of strain differences. A local strain was used in this experiment, whereas Liu et al (1989) used a strain isolated from a temperate country.…”

Section: Growth Zone Inhibition Test (Agar Plate Method)mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Liu et al (1989) observed the organisms grew well even at 20°C after 24 h. This might be because of strain differences. A local strain was used in this experiment, whereas Liu et al (1989) used a strain isolated from a temperate country. They also recommended that after 3-4 h incubation at 30°C toxicity could be determined by measuring the diameter of a "halo" produced by the toxic substances.…”

Section: Growth Zone Inhibition Test (Agar Plate Method)mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…cereus strain, which was isolated locally, was maintained and subcultured routinely in the laboratory on modified nutrient agar as described by Liu et al (1989).…”

Section: Growth Zone Inhibition Test (Agar Plate Method)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method remained the same as described by Liu et al (1989) with slight modifications as mentioned below. The organisms were grown overnight in liquid broth at 30°C.…”

Section: Assay Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A combinaton of three motility end points (reversing motility, forward motility, and cell inactivation) are used to determine the minimum effective concentration of a toxicant required to eliminate typical motility in 90% or above of the bacterial cells (MEC,,). More recently, Liu et al (1989) developed another simple, rapid, and sensitive technique for determining the toxicity of compounds by using a direct agar diffusion assay known as the "growth zone inhibition test (agar plate method)" employing Bacillus cereus as the test organism. In this technique the toxicity of the test chemical could be easily demonstrated at a low concentration and a linear relationship between the concentration of the test toxicant and the diameter of the clear inhibition zone on the agar plate can be established.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Toxicity of zinc in three microbial test systems

Ghosh

Doctor

Kulkami

1996

Environ. Toxicol. Water Qual.

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Section: Growth Zone Inhibition Test (Agar Plate Method)mentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Growth Zone Inhibition Test (Agar Plate Method)mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…cereus strain, which was isolated locally, was maintained and subcultured routinely in the laboratory on modified nutrient agar as described by Liu et al (1989).…”

Section: Growth Zone Inhibition Test (Agar Plate Method)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method remained the same as described by Liu et al (1989) with slight modifications as mentioned below. The organisms were grown overnight in liquid broth at 30°C.…”

Section: Assay Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity of zinc in three microbial test systems

Ghosh

Doctor

Kulkami

1996

Environ. Toxicol. Water Qual.

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Ecotoxicity assessment of the aquatic environment around Lake Kojima, Japan

Okamura

Luo

Aoyama

et al. 1996

Environ. Toxicol. Water Qual.

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To reduce the impact of chemical substances on the aquatic ecosystem, it is essential to understand their ecotoxicological properties in the natural aquatic environment. Consequently, we conducted an ecotoxicological study on the aquatic environment around Lake Kojima, a man‐made lake located in the southwest of Japan. Lake Kojima receives its chemical inputs mainly from two rivers that flow through various agricultural and industrial areas. For ecotoxicity screening, surface water and sediment samples were collected 4 times in 1993 from 16 preselected sites. Then, the solutes in the filtered surface water were concentrated by ODS resin, and the organic chemicals in the suspended solids (SS) and sediments were extracted by acetone. A battery of five ecotoxicity tests (agar plate test using bacteria and yeast, algal growth inhibition test, Daphnia magna immobilization test, and root elongation test using lettuce seeds) was used to assess these extracts. The results show that the surface water extracts had a lethal effect on D. magna, the SS extracts suppressed algal growth, and the sediment extracts were inhibitory to the growth of yeast. A significant inhibitory effect by the sediment extracts from 4 lake sites and 3 river sites was detected by these ecotoxicity tests. Attempts also were made to identify the putative ecotoxic chemicals in the collected samples. Elementary sulfur was identified as one of the major toxicants in the sediment extracts that were inhibitory to the yeast growth. Moreover, samples of surface water around Lake Kojima, collected weekly from June to September in 1994, were found to contain three pesticides and were toxic to D. magna. But the concentration of the pesticides detected was too low to cause daphnia immobilization. It is believed that the toxicity of the water extracts was mainly due to the combined toxic effect of natural and man‐made components. © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Evaluation of the agar plate method for rapid toxicity assessment with some heavy metals and environmental samples

Diaz‐Baez

Roldan

1996

Environ. Toxicol. Water Qual.

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The use of the agar plate method as a screening test for detecting the toxicity of chromium and copper and of effluents from the tannery industry was evaluated. The bacteria Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli were used as test organisms. The toxicity of chromium and copper on B. cereus was demonstrated at concentrations as low as 2 and 0.5 pg/spot, respectively. A linear relationship between the chromium concentration (pglspot) and the diameter (mm) of the clear inhibition zone on the agar plates was observed between 2 and 20 p g for B. cereus and between 10 and 50 p g for E. coli. For copper the linear relationship was between 0.5 and 50 pgispot for B. cereus and 5 and 50 pgispot for E. coli. Bacillus cereus was more sensitive than E. coli to these tests. Results with tannery wastes showed that the method is applicable to detect environmental contaminants and the procedure is a convenient and economical tool for screening toxicity of chemical compounds and industrial wastewaters. 0 7996 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Rapid toxicity assessment of water-soluble and water-insoluble chemicals using a modified agar plate method

Cited by 27 publications

References 13 publications

Toxicity of zinc in three microbial test systems

Toxicity of zinc in three microbial test systems

Ecotoxicity assessment of the aquatic environment around Lake Kojima, Japan

Evaluation of the agar plate method for rapid toxicity assessment with some heavy metals and environmental samples

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