Rapid verification of identity and content of drug formulations using mid-infrared spectroscopy

Ryan, James A.; Compton, Senja V.; Brooks, Marvin A.; Compton, D. A. C.

doi:10.1016/0731-7085(91)80198-i

Cited by 36 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…These include spectrophotometric methods, [6][7][8][9] flow-injection spectrophotometric, 10 infrared method, 11 potentiometric selective membrane electrode methods, 12,13 NMR, 14 GC, 15 GCL/MS, 16 HPLC, [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] capillary electrophoresis, [28][29][30][31] radioenzymic 32 and radioimmunoassay. 33 Reviewing the literature revealed that up to the present time nothing has been published concerning the CL determination of enalapril maleate.…”

Section: Enalapril [(S)-1-(n-[1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl]-lalamentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow-Injection Chemiluminescence Determination of Enalapril Maleate in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Fluids Using Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)

Alarfaj

2003

ANAL. SCI.

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Enalapril maleate is a relatively new oral angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Enalapril maleate, like its first-generation relative, captopril, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Enalapril [(S)-1-(N-[1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl]-Lalanyl)-L-proline] is a prodrug which is de-esterified in the hepatic system to an active diacid form. 2 The drug is official in the USP 24. 3 The methods of analysis of the bulk drug and its tablets are high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. It is also official in the European Pharmacopoeia 4 by a potentiometric titration method using sodium hydroxide.Other than the published analytical profile, 5 several methods have been reported for the analysis of enalapril maleate either in pure form, in pharmaceutical preparations, in biological fluids, or in mixture with other drugs. These include spectrophotometric methods, 33 Reviewing the literature revealed that up to the present time nothing has been published concerning the CL determination of enalapril maleate.Ru(bipy) 3 2+ is an extremely versatile base reactant for a variety of CL processes, and has also recently become a useful CL reagent. The process involves the oxidation of Ru(bipy)3 2+to Ru(bipy) 3 3+ , which is then followed by reduction with an analyte species to produce the emission of light. 34 There have been a variety of methods employed to obtain the active oxidized reagent Ru(bipy) 3 3+ .These include chemical, photochemical, electrochemical oxidation and in situ electrochemiluminescence.An analytical evaluation of commercially significant pharmaceutical drugs using Ru(bipy) 3 3+-CL detection has attracted considerable attention. A comprehensive review of the analytical applications of Ru(bipy) 3 3+ as a chemiluminescent reagent from 1978 to mid 1998 has been represented by Gerardi et al. 34The present paper describes the development of a simple flow-injection chemiluminometric method for the determination of enalapril maleate based on the chemical generation of Ru(bipy) 3 3+ by mixing two streams containing solutions of Ru(bipy) 3 2+ and acidic KMnO4. The experimental conditions for the reaction were optimized, and the final procedure allowed the successful determination of the studied drug in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids. Experimental Apparatus and manifoldThe flow system used for the determination and CL detection of enalapril maleate is shown schematically in Fig. 1. It consisted of a Gilson Minipuls 3MP4 peristaltic pump (two channels, variable speed) which was used to drive the carrier and the reagent streams through the flow system. Each stream was pumped at a constant flow rate using PTFE tubing (0.8 mm i.d.). The drug solution (250 µl) was injected through the sample injection valve, which allowed mixing of the sample with an acidified 1 × 10 -3 mol/l KMnO4 solution, and then combination with a 1 × 10 -2 mol/l Ru(bipy) 3 2+ solution in a Tshaped piece before entering the flow cell. The flow cell was a coil made of ...

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Section: Enalapril [(S)-1-(n-[1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl]-lalamentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow-Injection Chemiluminescence Determination of Enalapril Maleate in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Fluids Using Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)

Alarfaj

2003

ANAL. SCI.

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“…IR spectroscopy performed both in the mid-infrared 85 and near-infrared 86 provides the potential of rapid determination with little or no sample preparation. Raman spectroscopy also has demonstrated capability for pharmaceutical analysis.…”

Section: Pharmaceuticalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman Imaging

Treado¹,

Nelson²

2001

Handbook of Vibrational Spectroscopy

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The sections in this article are Introduction R aman Image Contrast Reveals Composition and Structure R aman Images are Multidimensional Imaging Strategies Point‐by‐Point Scanning Line Imaging Widefield Imaging R aman Spectrum Enables Objective Imaging Widefield R aman Imaging System Designs Hadamard Transform Fiber Array R aman Imaging Dielectric Interference Filter Acousto‐Optic Tunable Filter Liquid Crystal Imaging Spectrometers Lyot LCTF Evans Split Element Filters F abry– P erot LCTF R aman Imaging Fiberscopes Fiberscope Imaging Performance R aman Imaging Performance Comparison Problem Solving with R aman Imaging R aman Image Processing General Requirements Multivariate Image Analysis Correlation Analysis Factor Analysis Cluster Analysis Applications Semiconductors Silicon Silicon Carbide Gallium Nitride and Related Alloys Fuel Cells Meteorites and Minerals Meteorites Minerals Polymers Pharmaceuticals Biomaterials Conclusions

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“…These include spectrophotomety, [30][31][32] flow-injection spectrophotomety, [33] fluorimetry, [34] 1 HNMR, [35] IR, [36] amperometry, [37,38] potentiometry, [39,40] polarography, [30] TLC, [41] GC, [42] GC/MS, [43] HPLC/UV detection, [44,45] HPLC/MS, [46] HPLC/MS/ MS, [47] CZE, [48] MEKC [49] and a flow-injection chemiluminescence method, [50] which is based on the CL reaction of the drug with tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II), Ru(bipy) 3 2+ and acidic potassium permanganate. Calibration graphs were obtained over concentration ranges of 0.005-0.2 and 0.7-100 μg mL −1 with a detection limit (S/N = 2) of 0.001 μg mL .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of enalapril maleate and atenolol in their pharmaceutical products and in biological fluids by flow‐injection chemiluminescence

Alarfaj¹,

Al-Abdulkareem

Aly³

2009

Luminescence

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A chemiluminescent method using flow injection (FI) was investigated for rapid and sensitive determination of enalapril maleate and atenolol, which are used in the treatment of hypertension. The method is based on the sensitizing effect of these drugs on the Ce(IV)-sulfite reaction. The different experimental parameters affecting the chemiluminescence (CL) intensity were carefully studied and incorporated into the procedure. The method permitted the determination of 0.01-3.0 microg mL(-1) of enalapril maleate in bulk form with correlation coefficient r = 0.99993, lower limit of detection (LOD) 0.0025 microg mL(-1) (S/N = 2) and lower limit of quantitation (LOQ) 0.01 microg mL(-1). The linearity range of atenolol in bulk form was 0.01-2.0 microg mL(-1) (r = 0.99989) with LOD of 0.0003 microg mL(-1) (S/N = 2) and LOQ of 0.01 microg mL(-1). In biological fluids the linearity range of enalapril maleate was 0.1-2.0 microg mL(-1) in both urine and serum, and for atenolol the linearity range was 0.1-1.0 microg mL(-1) in both urine and serum. The method was also applied to the determination of the drugs in their pharmaceutical preparations.

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Rapid verification of identity and content of drug formulations using mid-infrared spectroscopy

Cited by 36 publications

References 4 publications

Flow-Injection Chemiluminescence Determination of Enalapril Maleate in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Fluids Using Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)

Flow-Injection Chemiluminescence Determination of Enalapril Maleate in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Fluids Using Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)

Raman Imaging

Determination of enalapril maleate and atenolol in their pharmaceutical products and in biological fluids by flow‐injection chemiluminescence

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