Rapidly growing broiler (meat-type) chickens. Their origin and use for comparative studies of the regulation of growth

Griffin, H. D.; Goddard, C.

doi:10.1016/0020-711x(94)90190-2

Cited by 77 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This is due to the positive selection for high meat yield in NH and low egg weight in WL77. As the weight of chicks at hatch are largely determined by the maternal effect of egg size (MURAMATSU et al 1990, GRIFFIN andGODDARD 1994), the smaller egg size of the WL77 dams is largely responsible for the significantly lower body weights at hatch in this line compared to NH. The higher hatch weight of NH chicks as compared to NHI chicks is in line with DEEB and LAMONT (2002), who compared outbred and inbred Leghorn and Fayoumi lines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Phenotypic characterization of chicken inbred lines that differ extremely in growth, body composition and egg production traits

et al. 2010

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The development of phenotypically and genetically divergent inbred chicken lines as simplified genetic models facilitates the identification of genes and contributes to the elucidation of gene functions. In this study, we characterized a New Hampshire (NH) population with its partial inbred derivative, New Hampshire inbred (NHI), and a White Leghorn inbred line (WL77). Both NHI and WL77 lines were inbred after selection for high meat yield or low egg weight, respectively. The inbreeding levels in NHI and WL77 are about 86 % and 100 %, respectively. Animals of the NHI line grew twice as fast, were about two times as heavy at 20 weeks, and deposited 9.3 times as much fat as WL77. NHI females reached sexual maturity, indicated by age at first egg, earlier, had a 35 % higher egg production ratio, and their eggs were on average 6 g heavier compared to WL77 females. The NHI and WL77 lines were extremely different for most traits, which makes them suitable for cross-bred experiments to map quantitative trait loci and identify genes contributing to the observed differences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Phenotypic characterization of chicken inbred lines that differ extremely in growth, body composition and egg production traits

et al. 2010

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“…Intensive commercial selection in broiler chickens aimed at improving weight gain and meat yields have resulted in birds that grow up to 4 times faster than layer strains and exhibit 8-fold increases in breast muscle growth rate (Griffin and Goddard, 1994). Whilst genetic selection in broiler chickens has made major advances in the development of production traits, it is increasingly recognised that these may also be associated with a number of undesirable patho-physiological metabolic derangements (Scheele, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoregulatory capacity and muscle membrane integrity are compromised in broilers compared with layers at the same age or body weight

Sandercock

Hunter

Mitchell

et al. 2006

British Poultry Science

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“…Likewise, breast muscle mass increases at a rate of 6.1 g/day in the high-yield broiler as compared to 1.6 g/day in heritage line broilers. While the overall metabolism of the modern broiler has evolved, resulting in birds that are highly efficient at converting feed to body mass and increased muscle yield, so too have undesirable traits arisen, presumably due to increased stress from rapid growth rates (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Capillary and Myofiber Density in the Pectoralis Major Muscles of Rapidly Growing, High-Yield Broiler Chickens During Increased Heat Stress

Joiner

Hamlin

Lien³

et al. 2014

Avian Diseases

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Skeletal muscle development proceeds from early embryogenesis through marketing age in broiler chickens. While myofiber formation is essentially complete at hatching, myofiber hypertrophy can increase after hatch by assimilation of satellite cell nuclei into myofibers. As the diameter of the myofibers increases, capillary density peripheral to the myofiber is marginalized, limiting oxygen supply and subsequent diffusion into the myofiber, inducing microischemia. The superficial and deep pectoralis muscles constitute 25% of the total body weight in a market-age bird; thus compromise of those muscle groups can have profound economic impact on broiler production. We hypothesized that marginal capillary support relative to the hypertrophic myofibers increases the incidence of microischemia, especially in contemporary high-yield broilers under stressing conditions such as high environmental temperatures. We evaluated the following parameters in four different broiler strains at 39 and 53 days of age when reared under thermoneutral (20 to 25 C) versus hot (30 to 35 C) environmental conditions: capillary density, myofiber density and diameter, and degree of myodegeneration. Our data demonstrate that myofiber diameter significantly increased with age (P > or = 0.0001), while the absolute numbers of capillaries, blood vessels, and myofibers visible in five 400 x microscopic fields decreased (P > or = 0.0001). This is concomitant with marginalization of vascular support in rapidly growing myofibers. The myofiber diameter was significantly lower with hot environmental temperatures (P > or = 0.001); therefore, the absolute number of myofibers visible in five 400X microscopic fields was significantly higher. The incidence and subjective degree of myodegeneration characterized by loss of cross-striations, myocyte hyperrefractility, sarcoplasmic vacuolation, and nuclear pyknosis or loss also increased in hot conditions. Differences among strains were not observed.

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Rapidly growing broiler (meat-type) chickens. Their origin and use for comparative studies of the regulation of growth

Cited by 77 publications

References 51 publications

Phenotypic characterization of chicken inbred lines that differ extremely in growth, body composition and egg production traits

Phenotypic characterization of chicken inbred lines that differ extremely in growth, body composition and egg production traits

Thermoregulatory capacity and muscle membrane integrity are compromised in broilers compared with layers at the same age or body weight

Evaluation of Capillary and Myofiber Density in the Pectoralis Major Muscles of Rapidly Growing, High-Yield Broiler Chickens During Increased Heat Stress

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