Rare and Emerging Opportunistic Fungal Pathogens: Concern for Resistance beyond<i>Candida albicans</i>and<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>

Pfaller, Michael A.; Diekema, Daniel J.

doi:10.1128/jcm.42.10.4419-4431.2004

Cited by 653 publications

(561 citation statements)

References 114 publications

(222 reference statements)

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“…In our study, a significantly increased incidence of stool colonization by non-albicans Candida was noted between study entry and exit in patients receiving prophylactic fluconazole, suggesting a selection pressure for this type of prophylaxis. [17][18][19][20][21]49] Conversely, in the posaconazole group, a significantly increased incidence of S. cerevisiae was observed at study exit. As far as is known, this emergence is not classically described for this population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…[13,14] The principal consequence of this practice is the difficulty in identifying the causal agent in more than 50% of fungal infections due to negative cultures [15,16] as well as the emergence of resistant fungi (non-albicans Candida, Aspergillus flavus or terreus, Fusarium sp., and Zygomycetes sp.). [17][18][19][20][21][22] Finally, pre-emptive therapy, targeting Aspergillus, would limit the over-treatment of the patients, thereby reducing the emergence of resistance, debilitating side effects, and costs. However, this approach is not yet the standard of care.…”

Section: What This Study Adds To the Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of fluconazole versus posaconazole prophylaxis on the incidence of fungal infections in patients receiving induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia

et al. 2015

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F ungal infections are related to human communal agents or to environmental saprophytes and are rare in healthy subjects. Known contributing factors are reduced defense mechanisms of the host, the use of certain Background: Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) remain one of the worrying complications in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) due to their incidence and high level of attributable mortality. In light of these risks, antifungal prophylaxis has always been debated. We conducted a single-center retrospective study of two prophylactic antifungal agents (fluconazole/posaconazole) in 91 consecutive patients receiving induction chemotherapy for AML between 2005 and 2009, in order to evaluate the impact on the incidence of IFI and on the mycological flora of the patients. Methods:In total, 39 patients received prophylactic fluconazole versus 52 who received posaconazole. The baseline characteristics of the two groups were comparable. Results:Overall, 17 patients developed an IFI, with no difference in frequency between the two groups. Utilization of empirical or pre-emptive therapy was similar irrespective of the type of prophylaxis used. Mycological examination of stools revealed an increase in non-albicans Candida colonization in the fluconazole group during hospitalization and the appearance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae colonization in patients receiving posaconazole. Conclusion: The present study does no t distinguish between fluconazole and posaconazole as a primary effective prevention against fungal infections. More prospective studies and meta-analyses are warranted. (Biomed J 2015;38:235-243)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: What This Study Adds To the Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of fluconazole versus posaconazole prophylaxis on the incidence of fungal infections in patients receiving induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia

et al. 2015

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“…Currently, some antifungal agents of major drug classes: azoles, polyenes, and candins, have been launched and are demonstrating remarkable success for the treatment of fungal systemic infections [56][57][58][59][60][61]. However, these usages are often limited mainly due to their unsatisfactory antifungal activity, narrow spectrum, and side effects, causing rapid development of drug resistance and a high rate of mortality [61][62][63][64]. In consideration of these facts, alternative agents for the treatment and prevention of fungal infections are urgently required, preferably with a novel mode of action [65].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substituted Pyrazolo[3,4-B]Pyridin-3-Ones and Pyrazolo[3,4-B]Pyridine-5- Carbaldehyde, New One-Pot Synthesis Strategy Amelioration Using Vinamidinium Salts, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities Promising Environmental Protection

Chtiba¹,

Amri²,

Tazarki³

et al. 2017

J Bacteriol Parasitol

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This review summarizes the current knowledge about the syntheses and biological behavior of some pyrazolo [5,4-b]pyridines. So, an expedient method for the synthesis of 2-phenyl-5-aryl-1,6-dihydropyrazolo [3,4-b]pyridin-3-ones and 2-phenyl-3-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carbaldehyde in a single-step via condensation of vinamidinium salts with 3-amino-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one is described according to our recent study with synthesis strategy amelioration. Five derivatives (PYR 1-5 ) were prepared and characterized by spectral data (NMR and MS spectral studies). All the derivatives were studied for their antimicrobial activities. So, we screened for antibacterial effects at 1:2, and 1:4 dilutions by the paper disc diffusion method against respectively Bacteria (Escherichia coli CIP 53126 and Bacillus subtilis CIP 5262) and Fungi (Candida albicans ATCC 10231). Then, we screened for Fungi (Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404) by the dilution method (agar and liquid broth). The agar diffusion method (paper disc and well) and the dilution method (agar and liquid broth) are described.

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“…Opportunistic fungal infections have become more and more frequent in past decades, mainly due to the increasing number of immunosuppressing therapies and emerging diseases (Armstrong, 1989;Pfaller & Diekema, 2004). The number of fungi reported to cause opportunistic infections has been increasing in the past decades.…”

Section: Tourism In Lapa Nova Cavementioning

confidence: 99%

Mycological study for a management plan of a neotropical show cave (Brazil)

Taylor¹,

Stoianoff²,

Ferreira³

2013

IJS

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Caves are stable environments with characteristics favoring the development of microorganisms. The allocthonous input of organic matter and microbes into the warm Neotropical caves may favor the development of filamentous fungi, including pathogenic species. Histoplasma capsulatum is a pathogenic species commonly found in caves and associated with bat and bird guano. Many Brazilian caves have been historically visited due to scenic and religious tourism. The objective of this study was to perform a microbiology study for a management plan of a show cave in Brazil, focusing on the presence and distribution of pathogenic and opportunistic fungi in the cave. Statistic analysis was used to verify the influence of touristic activity on airborne fungi spore load. Fungi were isolated from air and guano in Lapa Nova Cave. Samples were obtained through serial dilution, direct and settle plate techniques. For H. capsulatum, samples were incubated in specific media and conditions. Airborne fungal spore load was compared prior and during visitation and statistically analyzed. A total of 2,575 isolates from the genera Aspergillus, Calcarisporium, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Emericella, Eurotium, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Gliocladium, Mucor, Purpureocillium, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Rhizopus and Trichoderma were identified. Histoplasma capsulatum was not isolated from the cave. Eleven opportunistic species were identified. Significant (p<0.05) variations on fungal richness in the air occurred due to cave visitation. Areas of potential microbiologic risks were indicated and management actions suggested. The results suggest a diverse community inhabiting the cave. Possible opportunistic species should be monitored in show caves and microbiota should always be included in the elaboration of cave management plans. This is the first detailed microbiologic study for a management plan of a show cave in the country. It provides relevant information for future management plans

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Rare and Emerging Opportunistic Fungal Pathogens: Concern for Resistance beyondCandida albicansandAspergillus fumigatus

Cited by 653 publications

References 114 publications

Impact of fluconazole versus posaconazole prophylaxis on the incidence of fungal infections in patients receiving induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia

Impact of fluconazole versus posaconazole prophylaxis on the incidence of fungal infections in patients receiving induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia

Substituted Pyrazolo[3,4-B]Pyridin-3-Ones and Pyrazolo[3,4-B]Pyridine-5- Carbaldehyde, New One-Pot Synthesis Strategy Amelioration Using Vinamidinium Salts, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities Promising Environmental Protection

Mycological study for a management plan of a neotropical show cave (Brazil)

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