“…Prior knowledge, abilities, and academic behavior, according to Ibrahim et al, (2015) and Ridwan et al, (2019), are the keys to learning preparedness. On the other hand, Ridwan et al, (2017) stated that "readiness for learning" is conceptualized as a "developmental progression" reflecting student's ability to learn specific predetermined curriculum content. Ridwan et al, (2017 andRidwan et al, (2019) suggest that "previous knowledge, skills, motivation, and intellectual ability" are all factors that influence this construct.…”