Rat Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenic Features are Altered During Mid-Pregnancy

Frontera, Margalida; Pujol, Esperanza; Rodríguez‐Cuenca, Sergio; Català-Niell, Antoni; Roca, Pilar; García-Palmer, Francisco J.; Gianotti, Magdalena

doi:10.1159/000086407

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…During pregnancy, some changes in adipokine expression were observed in BAT. The change seen in leptin mRNA was not as great as that reported by Frontera et al (2005) and there is no other published information on adipokine expression in BAT during pregnancy. In the present study the different patterns of expression of the adipokines, except for apelin, between BAT and WAT suggest that their expression is regulated differentially in these tissues.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Fasting-induced adipose factor identified as a key adipokine that is up-regulated in white adipose tissue during pregnancy and lactation in the rat

Josephs

Waugh

Kokay

et al. 2007

Journal of Endocrinology

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Adipokines, which are expressed and secreted from white adipose tissue (WAT), are potential factors that could contribute to the changes in energy homeostasis that occurs in pregnancy and lactation to meet the nutrient demands of fetal growth and milk production. The aim was to identify adipokines that could be involved by measuring the pattern of their mRNA expression in adipose tissue. Adipokine mRNAs were measured by quantitative RT-PCR in RNA isolated from white and brown adipose tissue (BAT) of rats at days 7, 14 and 21 of pregnancy, day 7 of lactation and virgin at dioestrus phase. The results for leptin, adiponectin and resistin expression in WATessentially confirmed previous studies and it is unlikely that they are directly involved in the metabolic adaptations. The relative amounts of the mRNAs of the adipokines in BAT were comparable with those in WAT, but the patterns of expression did not follow those in WAT, except for apelin. Visfatin mRNA in WAT was elevated 2 . 5-fold only at day 21 of pregnancy. Apelin mRNA in WAT was increased 2 . 2-fold at day 7 of pregnancy. Retinol-binding protein 4 mRNA in WAT decreased to 46% of control at day 14 of pregnancy. Fasting-induced adipose factor (FIAF) mRNA in WAT was 2 . 2-to 2 . 5-fold higher throughout pregnancy and lactation. The marked induction of FIAF identifies this adipokine as a potential regulator of the metabolic adaptations that occur during pregnancy and lactation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Fasting-induced adipose factor identified as a key adipokine that is up-regulated in white adipose tissue during pregnancy and lactation in the rat

Josephs

Waugh

Kokay

et al. 2007

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…A low protein diet during pregnancy increased body weight and absolute weight of brown adipose tissue [ 72 ]. Brown adipose tissue has a significant role in the regulation of energy balance because it is a site of facultative thermogenesis that is mediated by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a mitochondrial inner membrane protein [ 73 ]. In another study, when protein restriction was extended throughout gestation and immediately after birth, a decline in skeletal muscle mass was observed [ 74 ].…”

Section: Maternal Protein Intake and Fetal Programmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Maternal Dietary Proteins in Development of Metabolic Syndrome in Offspring

et al. 2015

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The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and obesity has been increasing. Pre-natal environment has been suggested as a factor influencing the risk of metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Both observational and experimental studies showed that maternal diet is a major modifier of the development of regulatory systems in the offspring in utero and post-natally. Both protein content and source in maternal diet influence pre- and early post-natal development. High and low protein dams’ diets have detrimental effect on body weight, blood pressure191 and metabolic and intake regulatory systems in the offspring. Moreover, the role of the source of protein in a nutritionally adequate maternal diet in programming of food intake regulatory system, body weight, glucose metabolism and blood pressure in offspring is studied. However, underlying mechanisms are still elusive. The purpose of this review is to examine the current literature related to the role of proteins in maternal diets in development of characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in offspring.

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“…The effect of in vivo physiological changes in sex steroid levels has been studied using small animal models of pregnancy and lactation. BAT activity is down regulated at these times to conserve energy for the growing foetus/neonate [67] and indeed increased BAT activity is associated with reduced lactation volumes [68]. The extent to which comparable adaptations are seen in larger mammals, such as humans in which the total energy demands of the products of conception are substantially smaller [69,70], is not known.…”

Section: Direct Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of sex steroids on adipose tissue growth and function

Law

Bloor

Budge

et al. 2014

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation

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Obesity remains a major global health concern. Understanding the metabolic influences of the obesity epidemic in the human population on maintenance of a healthy weight and metabolic profile is still of great significance. The importance and role of white adipose tissue has been long established, particularly with excess adiposity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), however, has only recently been shown to contribute significantly to the metabolic signature of mammals outside the previously recognised role in small mammals and neonates. BAT's detection in adults has led to a renewed interest and is now considered to be a potential therapeutic target to prevent excess white fat accumulation in obesity, a theory further promoted by the recent discovery of beige fat. Adipose tissue distribution varies significantly between genders. Pre-menopausal females often show enhanced lower and peripheral fat deposition in adiposity deposition compared to the male profile of central and visceral fat accumulation with obesity. This sex disparity is partly attributed to the different effects of sex hormone profiles and interactions on the adipose tissue system. In this review, we explore this intricate relationship and show how modifications in the effects of sex hormones impact on both brown and white adipose tissues. We also discuss the impact of sex hormones on activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and how the three pathways between adiposity, HPA and sex steroids can have a major contribution to the prevention or maintenance of obesity and therefore on overall health.

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Rat Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenic Features are Altered During Mid-Pregnancy

Cited by 19 publications

References 48 publications

Fasting-induced adipose factor identified as a key adipokine that is up-regulated in white adipose tissue during pregnancy and lactation in the rat

Fasting-induced adipose factor identified as a key adipokine that is up-regulated in white adipose tissue during pregnancy and lactation in the rat

The Role of Maternal Dietary Proteins in Development of Metabolic Syndrome in Offspring

The influence of sex steroids on adipose tissue growth and function

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