Rat hepatitis E virus: Geographical clustering within Germany and serological detection in wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Johne, Reimar; Dremsek, Paul; Kindler, Eveline; Schielke, Anika; Plenge‐Bönig, Anita; Gregersen, H.; Wessels, Ute; Schmidt, Katja; Rietschel, Wolfram; Groschup, Martin H.; Guenther, Sebastian; Heckel, Gerald; Ulrich, Rainer G.

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2012.02.021

Cited by 79 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Monitoring of the major species of wild rats might reflect the overall trend of rat HEV infection in wild rats. In this study we examined a total of 713 wild rat serum samples, and found that the HEV IgG-positive rates were 23.3%, similar to the rates recently reported for Vietnam, Germany and Indonesia (Johne et al, 2012;Li et al, 2011;Mulyanto et al, 2013). Furthermore, anti-rat HEV IgG antibody was detected not only in R. norvegicus rats but also in other species of wild rats, indicating that wild rats in China are commonly infected with rat HEV.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Since then, rat HEV strains have been detected from wild rats in the USA, Vietnam and Indonesia (Li et al, 2011;Mulyanto et al, 2013;Purcell et al, 2011), suggesting that rat HEV infection is widely distributed in wild rats around the world. The full-length genomes of rat HEV from Germany and Vietnam have been determined (Johne et al, 2012(Johne et al, , 2010a(Johne et al, , 2010bLi et al, 2013a), and partial sequences of rat HEV detected from USA and Indonesia have been reported (Mulyanto et al, 2013;Purcell et al, 2011). The nucleotide sequence identities between Germany rat HEV strains was 81.5-98.6% (Johne et al, 2012), and the full genome of the Vietnam rat HEV strain (V-105, GenBank accession no.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The full-length genomes of rat HEV from Germany and Vietnam have been determined (Johne et al, 2012(Johne et al, , 2010a(Johne et al, , 2010bLi et al, 2013a), and partial sequences of rat HEV detected from USA and Indonesia have been reported (Mulyanto et al, 2013;Purcell et al, 2011). The nucleotide sequence identities between Germany rat HEV strains was 81.5-98.6% (Johne et al, 2012), and the full genome of the Vietnam rat HEV strain (V-105, GenBank accession no. JX120573) shared only 76.8-76.9% nucleotide sequence identity with Germany rat HEV strains R63 and R68, suggesting that the genome of rat HEV is genetically diverse (Li et al, 2013a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High prevalence of rat hepatitis E virus in wild rats in China

Guan

et al. 2013

Veterinary Microbiology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High prevalence of rat hepatitis E virus in wild rats in China

Guan

et al. 2013

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…In rats, anti-HEV antibodies have been detected in animals captured in Germany [152], Japan [153], Vietnam [154] and USA [155]. The prevalence of anti-HEV IgG antibodies in rats is high and ranged from 21 to 84% [152,153,154,155] and that of HEV RNA ranged from 0.7 to 18% [152,153,154]. Anti-HEV IgM have been detected in 4% (5/139) of wild rats trapped in Vietnam [154].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Mammalian Hepatitis E Virus Infection

et al. 2013

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Mammalian hepatitis E virus (HEV), the etiological agent of hepatitis E in humans, is a recently discovered infectious agent. It was identified for the first time in 1983 using electron microscopy on a faecal specimen of a person infected with non-A, non-B enterically-transmitted hepatitis. Based on retrospective and prospective studies, HEV was long described as one of the leading causes of acute viral hepatitis in tropical and subtropical countries, whereas in developed countries hepatitis E was considered an imported disease from HEV hyperendemic countries. Data from studies conducted during the past decade have greatly shifted our knowledge on the epidemiology and clinical spectrum of HEV. Recently, it has been shown that contrary to previous beliefs, hepatitis E is also an endemic disease in several developed countries, particularly in Japan and in Europe, as evidenced by reports of high anti-HEV immunoglobulin G prevalence in healthy individuals and an increasing number of non-travel-related acute hepatitis E cases. Moreover, a porcine reservoir and growing evidence of zoonotic transmission have been reported in these countries. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the epidemiology and prevention of transmission of mammalian HEV.

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“…Epidemics of genotype 3 have been reported in many regions including North America, Europe and some Asian countries [23,24,25,26,27,28], and of genotype 4 in several Asian countries. Recently, several other novel hepeviruses have been isolated from HEV infections of rabbits [29], rats [30,31,32,33,34], bats [35] and cut-throat trout [36]. Among the four mammalian genotypes, genotypes 1 and 2 have so far been restricted to humans and associated with large waterborne epidemics [37], while accumulating evidence indicates that genotypes 3 and 4 are common in both humans and animals, and are responsible for sporadic cases of hepatitis E [30,38,39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of an Infectious cDNA Clone of a Swine Genotype 3 HEV Strain Isolated in Shanghai, China

Shi²,

Wang³

et al. 2014

Intervirology

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Objectives: Infectious cDNA clones are important tools for studying molecular mechanisms in RNA viruses. The aim of this study was to construct an infectious cDNA clone for SAAS-JDY5, which is a genotype 3 HEV strain of swine origin. Methods: Construction employed overlapping PCR and restriction analysis to ligate nine cDNA fragments into a full-length cDNA clone containing 14 mutations compared to the consensus HEV genome sequence. Megaprimer PCR-directed mutagenesis restored nine non-silent mutations back to the consensus sequence while the other five silent mutations were maintained as genetic markers. Results: HEV proteins were identified by an immunofluorescence assay in Huh7 cells infected with capped RNA transcripts of the full-length cDNA clone, while HEV viremia, fecal HEV RNA and seroconversion were recorded in inoculated Sprague-Dawley rats. Conclusions: Our data confirmed the successful construction of an infectious cDNA clone of swine HEV strain pGEM4z-SAAS-JDY5, and support the use of rats as an HEV infectious model.

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Rat hepatitis E virus: Geographical clustering within Germany and serological detection in wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Cited by 79 publications

References 44 publications

High prevalence of rat hepatitis E virus in wild rats in China

High prevalence of rat hepatitis E virus in wild rats in China

Epidemiology of Mammalian Hepatitis E Virus Infection

Construction of an Infectious cDNA Clone of a Swine Genotype 3 HEV Strain Isolated in Shanghai, China

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