Ratbot navigation using deep brain stimulation in ventral posteromedial nucleus

Khajei, Sina; Shalchyan, Vahid; Daliri, Mohammad Reza

doi:10.1080/21655979.2019.1631103

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Three out of seven rats yielded successful results after placing a set of two needle electrodes in the MFB ( Fig 5 ), increasing the number of attracted bins compared to the null condition where no stimuli were applied ( Fig 7 ). The success rate is comparable to a study similarly aimed at the deep brain [ 16 ]. There is a common tendency that preparing successful subjects was difficult, while the subjects, once succeeded in preparation, could receive reward stimuli with high performance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…They provided the rat with clues regarding the way to turn at the branch and optimized the parameters of the stimulation pulse. Khajei et al[ 16 ] stimulated a rat in the deep brain region instead of the cortex. They turned a rat into Ratbot by stimulating the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM), which created a non-voluntary head rotation according to the VPM stimulation side.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rattractor—Instant guidance of a rat into a virtual cage using the deep brain stimulation

et al. 2023

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We developed “Rattractor” (rat attractor), a system to apply electrical stimuli to the deep brain of a rat as it stays in a specified region or a virtual cage to demonstrate an instant electrophysiological feedback guidance for animals. Two wire electrodes were implanted in the brains of nine rats. The electrodes targeted the medial forebrain bundle (MFB), which is a part of the reward system in the deep brain. Following the recovery period, the rats were placed in a plain field where they could move freely, but wired to a stimulation circuit. An image sensor installed over the field detected the subject’s position, which triggered the stimulator such that the rat remained within the virtual cage. We conducted a behavioral experiment to evaluate the sojourn ratio of rats residing in the region. Thereafter, a histological analysis of the rat brain was performed to confirm the position of the stimulation sites in the brain. Seven rats survived the surgery and the recovery period without technical failures such as connector breaks. We observed that three of them tended to stay in the virtual cage during stimulation, and this effect was maintained for two weeks. Histological analysis revealed that the electrode tips were correctly placed in the MFB region of the rats. The other four subjects showed no apparent preference for the virtual cage. In these rats, we did not find electrode tips in the MFB, or could not determine their positions. Almost half of the rats tended to remain inside the virtual cage when position-related reward stimuli were triggered in the MFB region. Notably, our system did not require previous training or sequential interventions to affect the behavioral preferences of subjects. This process is similar to the situation in which sheep are chased by a shepherd dog in the desired direction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rattractor—Instant guidance of a rat into a virtual cage using the deep brain stimulation

et al. 2023

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“…successfully developed the first rat robot by electrically stimulating the somatosensory cortical (SI) and medial forebrain bundle (MFB) of the rat to guide its navigation ( Talwar et al., 2002 ). Manipulation of the navigation mode of rat robots was achieved by stimulating the brain areas with functions associated with movement control (pedunopontine nucleus [PPN]), medial longitudinal fasciculus, and cuneiform nucleus (CnF), perception (SI, ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus), ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus ( Gauriau and Bernard, 2010 ), medial preoptic area (MPA), and emotion (MFB), amygdala, periaqueductal gray (PAG) ( Trevizan-Baú et al., 2021 ), substantia nigra compact part ( Kita and Kitai, 2010 ), striatum, and ventral tegmental area ( Khajei et al., 2019 ). In addition, rat robots present more advanced human–computer interaction devices, communication devices, and scenarios such as mazes to navigate.…”

Section: Classification Of Animal Robots Based On Brain Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progresses of animal robots: A historical review and perspectiveness

Zhou

Mei²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Heliyon

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“…MFB stimulation ignites hedonic feelings and elicits pleasant bodily sensations in animals, thus highly motivating them to perform a variety of operant and spatial tasks ( Carlezon and Chartoff, 2007 ; Lee et al, 2010 ; Sun et al, 2012 ; Farakhor et al, 2019 ; Kong et al, 2019 ). Electrical stimulation of the reward system, including the MFB, has also allowed for (tele)control of the spatial navigation of rodents and birds ( Talwar et al, 2002 ; Sun et al, 2012 ; Huai et al, 2016 ; Khajei et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Motor Cortical Gamma Oscillations and Sniffing Activity by Medial Forebrain Bundle Stimulation Precedes Locomotion

Yoshimoto

Shibata

Kudara

et al. 2022

eNeuro

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The medial forebrain bundle (MFB) is a white matter pathway that traverses through mesolimbic structures and includes dopaminergic neural fibers ascending from the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Since dopaminergic signals represent hedonic responses, electrical stimulation of the MFB in animals has been used as a neural reward for operant and spatial tasks. MFB stimulation strongly motivates animals to rapidly learn to perform a variety of behavioral tasks to obtain a reward. Although the MFB is known to connect various brain regions and MFB stimulation dynamically modulates animal behavior, how central and peripheral functions are affected by MFB stimulation per se is poorly understood. To address this question, we simultaneously recorded electrocorticograms (ECoGs) in the primary motor cortex (M1), primary somatosensory cortex (S1), and olfactory bulb (OB) of behaving rats while electrically stimulating the MFB. We found that MFB stimulation increased the locomotor activity of rats. Spectral analysis confirmed that immediately after MFB stimulation, sniffing activity was facilitated and the power of gamma oscillations in the M1 was increased. After sniffing activity and motor cortical gamma oscillations were facilitated, animals started to move. These results provide insight into the importance of sniffing activity and cortical gamma oscillations for motor execution and learning facilitated by MFB stimulation.

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Ratbot navigation using deep brain stimulation in ventral posteromedial nucleus

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Rattractor—Instant guidance of a rat into a virtual cage using the deep brain stimulation

Rattractor—Instant guidance of a rat into a virtual cage using the deep brain stimulation

Progresses of animal robots: A historical review and perspectiveness

Enhancement of Motor Cortical Gamma Oscillations and Sniffing Activity by Medial Forebrain Bundle Stimulation Precedes Locomotion

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