Rate control of ammonia volatilization from rice paddies

Bouwmeester, R. J. B.; Vlek, Paul L. G.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(81)90004-4

Cited by 49 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The stimulation of NH 3 –N losses from a free water surface with increased wind speed has been reported by Bouwmeester and Vlek (1981); Denmead et al (1982) and Black et al (1985). Those climate factors associated with the presence of the vegetation might have a significant effect on N‐NH 3 losses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Comparison of Low‐Cost Methods for Measuring Ammonia Volatilization

Shigaki

Dell

2015

Agronomy Journal

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Nitrogen fertilizer use to improve crop production is increasing worldwide, and subsequent N losses via NH 3 emissions generate undesirable economic and environmental consequences. Th us, low cost and practical methods to quantify NH 3 emissions are essential for the development of management practices that minimize environmental impacts. Th e objective of this study was to compare diff erent methods to quantify NH 3 loss following urea application to a grass fi eld and indoor soil boxes. Th e methods tested were: semi-open chamber (SOC), open-collector (OC), closed chamber (CC), and a recirculating chamber (RC). Th e SOC and OC were shown to be equally effi cient. Cumulative recoveries through 216 h for the outdoor study were 9.5 and 8.5 kg NH 3 -N ha -1 for OC and SOC (respectively), corresponding to 8 and 7% of the applied N. Th e closed-chamber recovered only 3.6% of applied N. For the indoor study, higher recovery rates were observed with all methods. Cumulative losses measured through 216 h did not diff er between SOC and OC (24.4 and 24.9 kg NH 3 -N, respectively) and represented about 20% of N applied. However RC and CC recovered 10 to 12% of the applied N (14.8 and 12 kg NH 3 -N ha -1 , respectively), which was signifi cantly less than amounts recovered with OC and SOC. Results from this study showed that SOCs and OCs are simple, practical, and low cost tools for quantifying NH 3 emissions either for indoor and outdoor studies compared with closed and recirculating chambers which presented disadvantages such as low NH 3 recovery and higher costs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Comparison of Low‐Cost Methods for Measuring Ammonia Volatilization

Shigaki

Dell

2015

Agronomy Journal

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“…Theoretical considerations suggest that the NH3 loss rate should be dependent not only on solution chemistry as expressed through Equations (14) and (15) but also on the mechanics of gas transfer across the air-water interface, e.g., Deacon (1977) and Bouwmeester and Vlek (1981). In isothermal conditions, the resistances to transfer can be expressed as functions of windspeed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liss maintains that a highly soluble reactive gas such as NH3 experiences a significant resistance to transfer only in the gaseous phase, not in the aqueous phase. However, more rigorous analysis of the resistance of the aqueous phase by Deacon (1977) and Bouwmeester and Vlek (1981) suggest that it is not negligible, perhaps constituting 20 to 30% of the total resistance to NH3 transfer between the bulk water and the air in isothermal conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-air transfer resistance for ammonia from flooded rice

et al. 1988

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Vertical flux densities of ammonia, water vapour and sensible heat were measured over a flooded rice field in China following the application of ammonium bicarbonate fertilizer. Aqueous and gaseous phase transfer resistances for ammonia were deduced from these measurements. The aqueous phase resistance was maximal in the morning and least in the afternoon. Stable stratification of the floodwater immediately adjacent to the air-water interface was observed during the morning when evaporation rates were low, and may be responsible for inhibiting the transfer of ammonia to the atmosphere.

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“…Subsequent studies by Keerthisinghe et al) 4 showed that exchangeable NH~-decreases to a very low level during the crop growing season. Subsequent studies by Keerthisinghe et al) 4 showed that exchangeable NH~-decreases to a very low level during the crop growing season.…”

Section: Ammonium Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Nitrogen transformation processes in relation to improved cultural practices for lowland rice

Datta

1987

Plant Soil

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Inappropriate method and timing of N fertilizer application was found to result in 50-60% N losses. Recent nitrogen transformation studies indicate that NH 3 volatilization in lowland rice soils is an important loss mechanism, causing a 5~47% loss of applied fertilizer under field conditions. Estimated denitrification losses'were between 28 and 33%. Ammonia volatilization losses from lowland rice can be controlled by i) placement of fertilizer in the reduced layer and proper timing of application, ii) using phenylphosphorodiamidate (PPD) to delay urease activity in flooded soils, and iii) using algicides to help stabilize changes in floodwater pH.Appropriate fertilizer placement and timing is probably the most effective technique in controlling denitrification at the farm level. The effectivity of nitrification inhibitors as another method is still being evaluated.With 60-80% of N absorbed by the crop derived from the native N pool, substantial yield gains in lowland rice are highly possible with resources already in the land. Extensive studies on soil N and its management, and an understanding of soil N dynamics will greatly facilitate the decrease in immobilization and ammonium fixation in the soil and the increase in N availability to the rice crop. Critical research needs include greater emphasis on N transformation processes in rainfed lowland rice which is grown under more harsh and variable environmental regimes than irrigated lowland rice.

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Rate control of ammonia volatilization from rice paddies

Cited by 49 publications

References 11 publications

Comparison of Low‐Cost Methods for Measuring Ammonia Volatilization

Comparison of Low‐Cost Methods for Measuring Ammonia Volatilization

Water-air transfer resistance for ammonia from flooded rice

Nitrogen transformation processes in relation to improved cultural practices for lowland rice

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