Rate Effects in Isolated Hearts Induced by Microwave Irradiation (Short Papers)

Lords, James L.; Durney, Carl H.; Borg, Adam; Tinney, Charles E.

doi:10.1109/tmtt.1973.1128140

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The increased inter-beat interval under CW at 1.2-12.2 W/kg is consistent with the slowing of beat rate reported for isolated turtle and rat hearts at 1.2-10 W/kg 960 MHz CW [Lords et al, 1973;Tinney et al, 1976;Olsen et al, 1977;Reed et al, 19771 and for chicken-embryo hearts at 0.95 W/kg 2.45 GHz CW [Caddemi et al, 19861. An increased inter-beat interval is not consistent with reported absence of effect on activity of isolated frog heart at 2-8.55 W/kg 2.45 GHz CW and pulsed [Yee et al, 1984, 19861 and isolated rat atria at 2 and 10 W/kg 2.45 GHz CW [Galvin et al, 19821. There are two possible general explanations for the increased inter-beat interval at low SARs. One possibility is that a very small increase of temperature was responsible.…”

Section: Dlscusslonsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…In studies with microwave pulses triggered by the ECG waveform, the beat rate of in situ and in vitro frog hearts increased when microwave pulses were coincident with the R wave [Frey and Seifert, 1968;Frey and Eichert, 19861. Beat rates slowed as a result of continuous-wave (CW) exposure at 1.3-10 W/kg of in vitro turtle hearts [Lords et al, 1973;Tinney et a]., 19761 and in vitro rat hearts [Olsen et al, 1977;Reed et al, 19771. In the turtle heart, a faster beat rate similar to that caused by heating was seen for SARs greater than 10 W/kg [Lords et al, 1973;Tinney et al, 19761.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beat rates slowed as a result of continuous-wave (CW) exposure at 1.3-10 W/kg of in vitro turtle hearts [Lords et al, 1973;Tinney et a]., 19761 and in vitro rat hearts [Olsen et al, 1977;Reed et al, 19771. In the turtle heart, a faster beat rate similar to that caused by heating was seen for SARs greater than 10 W/kg [Lords et al, 1973;Tinney et al, 19761. Irregularities in beat rate and ECG waveform resulted from exposure of in vitro chicken embryo hearts at 24 GHz [Paff et al, 19631.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inter‐beat intervals of cardiac‐cell aggregates during exposure to 2.45 GHz CW, pulsed, and square‐wave‐modulated microwaves

Seaman¹,

DeHaan²

1993

Bioelectromagnetics

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Inter-beat intervals of aggregated cardiac cells from chicken embryos were studied during 190 s exposures to 2.45 GHz microwaves in an open-ended coaxial device. Averaged specific-absorption rates (SARs) and modulation conditions were 1.2-86.9 W/kg continuous-wave (CW), 1.2-12.2 W/kg pulse modulation (PW, duty cycle approximately 11%), and 12.0-43.5 W/kg square-wave modulation (duty cycle = 50%). The inter-beat interval decreased during microwave exposures at 42.0 W/kg and higher when CW or square-wave modulation was used, which is consistent with established effects of elevated temperatures. However, increases in the inter-beat interval during CW exposures at 1.2-12.2 W/kg, and decreases in the inter-beat interval after PW exposures at 8.4-12.2 W/kg, are not consistent with simple thermal effects. Analysis of variance indicated that SAR, modulation, and the modulation-SAR interaction were all significant factors in altering the inter-beat interval. The latter two factors indicated that the cardiac cells were affected by athermal as well as thermal effects of microwave exposure.

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Section: Dlscusslonsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inter‐beat intervals of cardiac‐cell aggregates during exposure to 2.45 GHz CW, pulsed, and square‐wave‐modulated microwaves

Seaman¹,

DeHaan²

1993

Bioelectromagnetics

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“…However, other investigators [22,23] failed to replicate these findings. Other groups [24][25][26] reported bradycardia in isolated hearts of turtles and rats exposed to continuous 960-MHz microwave radiation with absorbed power in the range of 2-10 mW/g; at higher levels of absorbed power, usually an increase of heart rate occurred caused by heating the tissue. Yee et al [27,28] demonstrated in a series of experiments that bradycardia could be caused by electrode artifacts and by thermal influences; at constant temperatures, no bradycardia or tachycardia was found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

No Effects of Pulsed High-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Heart Rate Variability during Human Sleep<sup>1</sup>

Mann¹,

Röschke²,

Connemann³

et al. 1998

Neuropsychobiology

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The influence of pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic fields emitted by digital mobile radio telephones on heart rate during sleep in healthy humans was investigated. Beside mean RR interval and total variability of RR intervals based on calculation of the standard deviation, heart rate variability was assessed in the frequency domain by spectral power analysis providing information about the balance between the two branches of the autonomic nervous system. For most parameters, significant differences between different sleep stages were found. In particular, slow-wave sleep was characterized by a low ratio of low- and high-frequency components, indicating a predominance of the parasympathetic over the sympathetic tone. In contrast, during REM sleep the autonomic balance was shifted in favor of the sympathetic activity. For all heart rate parameters, no significant effects were detected under exposure to the field compared to placebo condition. Thus, under the given experimental conditions, autonomic control of heart rate was not affected by weak-pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic fields.

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“…Evidence of interactions between exposure to low levels of microwaves with both living hearts and isolated neurons has been reported by several authors. Previous workers [Lords et al, 1973;Tinney et al, 19761 observed that 960-MHz continuous wave (CW) microwave radiation induced bradycardia, whereas increasing temperature of the heart caused tachycardia. However, Yee et a1 [1984] found that the decrease in the frog heart rate with CW exposure at 2450 MHz might be related to electrode artifacts at the sites of attachment due to intensification of the electromagnetic field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave effects on isolated chick embryo hearts

Caddemi

Zanforlin

Torregrossa

1986

Bioelectromagnetics

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This study was designed to examine the effects of microwaves on the electric activity of hearts as a means of elucidating interactive mechanisms of nonionizing radiation with cardiac tissue. Experiments were performed on isolated hearts of 9-12-day-old chick embryos placed in small petri dishes. Oxygenated isotonic Ringer's solution at 37 degrees C permitted heart survival. Samples were irradiated at 2.45 GHz with a power density of 3 mW/cm2. The heart signal was detected with a glass micropipet inserted into the sinoatrial node and examined by means of a Berg-Fourier analyzer. Pulsed microwaves caused the locking of the heartbeat to the modulation frequency, whereas continuous wave irradiation might have induced slight bradycardia. Pulsed fields induced stimulation or regularization of the heartbeat in arrhythmia, fibrillation, or arrest of the heart.

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Rate Effects in Isolated Hearts Induced by Microwave Irradiation (Short Papers)

Cited by 25 publications

References 2 publications

Inter‐beat intervals of cardiac‐cell aggregates during exposure to 2.45 GHz CW, pulsed, and square‐wave‐modulated microwaves

Inter‐beat intervals of cardiac‐cell aggregates during exposure to 2.45 GHz CW, pulsed, and square‐wave‐modulated microwaves

No Effects of Pulsed High-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Heart Rate Variability during Human Sleep<sup>1</sup>

Microwave effects on isolated chick embryo hearts

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