Microwave effects on isolated chick embryo hearts

Abstract

This study was designed to examine the effects of microwaves on the electric activity of hearts as a means of elucidating interactive mechanisms of nonionizing radiation with cardiac tissue. Experiments were performed on isolated hearts of 9-12-day-old chick embryos placed in small petri dishes. Oxygenated isotonic Ringer's solution at 37 degrees C permitted heart survival. Samples were irradiated at 2.45 GHz with a power density of 3 mW/cm2. The heart signal was detected with a glass micropipet inserted into the sinoatrial node and examined by means of a Berg-Fourier analyzer. Pulsed microwaves caused the locking of the heartbeat to the modulation frequency, whereas continuous wave irradiation might have induced slight bradycardia. Pulsed fields induced stimulation or regularization of the heartbeat in arrhythmia, fibrillation, or arrest of the heart.

No Effects of Pulsed High-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Heart Rate Variability during Human Sleep¹

“…Yee et al [27,28] demonstrated in a series of experiments that bradycardia could be caused by electrode artifacts and by thermal influences; at constant temperatures, no bradycardia or tachycardia was found. Caddemi et al [29] reported different effects depending on modulation characteristics; continuous wave radiation of isolated chicken embryo hearts caused a slight bradycardia, whereas pulse-modulated fields led to an increase of heart rate and locking of cardiac rhythm to the modulation frequency.…”

Microwave effects on acetylcholine‐induced channels in cultured chick myotubes

“…Evidence of some microwave effects at the cell membrane level led us to investigate the interactions betwen EM fields and cellular systems, both by experimental methods and theoretical analysis [Bernardi and D'Inzeo, 1984;Bernardi et al, 1985;Caddemi, 1986;Caddemi et al, 19861. Some recent studies on the interactions between EM fields and living cells suggest that the field may directly affect the function of the transmembrane protein channels [Adey, 1984;Arber and Lin, 1985;Chiabrera et al, 1984;McLeod and Liboff, 19861.…”

Electromagnetic exposure of scaffold-free three-dimensional cell culture systems

“…Other studies, however, have not reported altered calcium physiology in neurons or cardiac tissue due to EMF [Schwartz and Mealing, 1993;Wolke et al, 1996;Green et al, 2005]. Some studies have focused on the direct effects on electrophysiological properties during the course of exposure [Caddemi et al, 1986]. In our studies, the beat rate of the spheroids was recorded during exposure.…”

“…The heartbeat of exposed chick embryonic hearts locked to the modulation frequency of pulsed microwaves [Caddemi et al, 1986], and an irregular heartbeat was altered to a regular one by an appropriate pulse repetition [Tamburello et al, 1993]. Some pioneering work was done by Seaman and DeHaan [1993] with cardiac-cell aggregates, which revealed altered interbeat intervals during exposure to 2.45 GHz microwaves.…”