Rate Equations and Operating Characteristics

Agrawal, Govind P.; Dutta, Niloy K.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0481-4_6

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 257 publications

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“…-The optical frequency is dragged toward high optical frequencies ("blue" wavelengths) when the optical power increases during the rising edge of the overshoot occurring between 0 and 10ns, -The optical frequency then decreases ("red" wavelengths) when the optical power decreases on the falling edge of the overshoot from t=10ns to t=40ns. This behavior is consistent with the adiabatic chirp [7]- [9]. The overshoot induces a 19GHz drift in each ONU A burst, which in this 59µs long burst case corresponds to one third of the 52GHz overall drift.…”

Section: A First Few Nanoseconds Of the Burstsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…When containing data, the intensity steps between ones and zeros will be captured as well as instantaneous frequency variation between the same ones and zeros (see Fig. 3) resulting from the laser chirped modulation [7]- [10]. A variant of this setup, only using a unique photodiode and few passive optical components was presented in [10].…”

Section: B Heterodyne Detection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Current biased semiconductor lasers suffer from self-heating, leading to a temperature swing between burst and inter-burst periods. A time-dependent wavelength drift (here often referred as "wavelength drift", "frequency drift", or "drift") is induced by the phenomenon known as "thermal chirp" [4]- [6] as well as the adiabatic chirp related to the laser bias level [7]- [9]. The wavelength window allocated to uplink transmission in previous ITU TDM PON technologies (for example: 20nm for upstream XG-PON1) is sufficiently large to prevent any consequences from this phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Focus on Time-Dependent Wavelength Drift of DMLs Under Burst-Mode Operation for NG-PON2

Simon

Saliou

Chanclou

et al. 2016

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Upstream time-dependent wavelength drift of Directly Modulated Lasers (DMLs) under burst-mode operation is measured on a Second Next Generation Passive Optical Network (NG-PON2) pre-commercial system. A new measurement method is used to demonstrate that the ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union) recommendations on maximum wavelength drift excursion should be improved. Considering the proximity of the different wavelength channels in the ITU-T grid (down to 50GHz), the time-dependent wavelength drift of directly modulated optical emitters is shown to lead to communication degradation and may cause breakdowns. A way to mitigate this problem is proposed. Index Terms-Adiabatic chirp, direct modulation, heterodyne detection, second next generation passive optical network (NG-PON2), thermal chirp, time-dependent wavelength drift, time and wavelength division multiplexing (TWDM), time division multiplexing (TDM), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM).

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Section: A First Few Nanoseconds Of the Burstsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: B Heterodyne Detection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Focus on Time-Dependent Wavelength Drift of DMLs Under Burst-Mode Operation for NG-PON2

Simon

Saliou

Chanclou

et al. 2016

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…Typically, this output can be calculated from the rate equations 13 , but a simpler, analytic approximation is desirable. There should be two contributions to the optical field emitted from a VCSOA.…”

Section: Spontaneous Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For our experiments, these were experimentally measured, but in principle could be generated using the Fabry-Perot gain equations and/or rate equations 13 . The visibility-gain product has been introduced as a figure of merit for VCSOAs used in coherent arrays.…”

Section: Vg Product Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherence optimization of vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers

et al. 2002

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Vertical cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers (VCSOAs) are attractive devices for use in coherent optical amplification, especially where 2-D amplifier arrays are required. However, the coherence preservation quality of a VCSOA depends strongly on the bias condition, resonant wavelength mismatch, and the optical input power level. We characterize the coherence degree of a VCSOA as a function of these parameters by measuring interference fringe visibility with an interferometer. The dominant factors influencing the contrast of the fringes are the ratio of coherent, stimulated emission photons to amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) photons, and the spectral distortion of the amplified signal. Mostly, the overall gain and the saturation characteristic of the amplifier determine the ratio of stimulated emission to ASE. The spectral distortion of the signal is due to the narrow gain window of the VCSOA, but the effect significantly degrades the visibility only for relatively large wavelength mismatch from the gain peak. Analytic expressions may be used to identify the optimal bias current and optical input power to maximize the amplifier gain and visibility of the interference.

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