Rates and outcomes of planned pregnancy after use of Norplant capsules, Norplant II rods, or levonorgestrel-releasing or copper TCu 380Ag intrauterine contraceptive devices

Sivin, Irving; Stern, Janet; Dı́az, Soledad; Pavéz, Margarita; Alvarez, Francisco; Brache, Vivian; Mishell, Daniel R.; Lacarra, Maria; McCarthy, Terry; Holma, Pentti; Darney, Philip D.; Klaisle, Cynthia; Olsson, Sven-Eric; Odlind, Viveca

doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(11)90607-3

Cited by 82 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…[4][5][6] In contrast to OCP users, 75% women conceive within 6mths of IUCD withdrawal and ~95% conceive within 1 yr. 7 1 st and 2 nd generation IUCDs do not affect breast feeding but it is not same with OCPs. IUCDs are USE AND FORGET type of method for contraception thereby it is good choice for illiterate population, however in other type of barrier contraceptives continuous motivation is required thereby increasing the failure rate in inconsistent users.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceptability, continuation and satisfaction of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) and delayed insertion: a comparative study

Jain

Akhtar

2017

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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Background: Postpartum period is an ideal time to counsel and begin contraception as women are strongly motivated at this time, also being convenient for both patients and health-care providers. Copper T 380A is a safe, highly effective method of contraception and has become the method of choice of many women for attaining their reproductive goals.Methods: It was a prospective study conducted from February 2012 and November 2013 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, JNMCH, AMU, Aligarh, U.P.Results: 386 clients were counseled for immediate postpartum IUCD insertion (GROUP-I), out of which 34.2% clients accepted for insertion but 24.3% actually got it inserted. 337 clients were counseled for extended IUCD insertion (GROUP-II) out of these 61.1% clients accepted but only 16.5% actually got it inserted. 10.63%, 6.02% and 5.19% clients in GROUP-I and 16.22%, 13.11%, 11.54% GROUP-II went lost to follow up at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months respectively. Continuation rates in GROUP-I after 6 months was 73.4% in GROUP-I and 59.5% in GROUP-II. Among the clients who continued, 92.7% were satisfied in GROUP-I and 81.8% in GROUP-II.Conclusions: Immediate postpartum IUCD has better acceptability, continuation and satisfaction profile when compared to extended insertion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceptability, continuation and satisfaction of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) and delayed insertion: a comparative study

Jain

Akhtar

2017

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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“…A few other clinical trials with smaller study populations have been reported from China comparing the IUD that releases 2/zg of levonorgestrel daily (LNG-IUD-02) with IUDs made in China [17,18], or the LNG-IUD-20 with Norplant implants [19,20]. Other aspects of the LNG-IUD-20, like return of fertility [15,[21][22][23], use by postpartum and/or lactating women [24,25], or using the LNG-IUD-20 as a treatment for menorrhagia or dysmenorrhea [13,[26][27][28][29], have been reported sporadically, mostly by Scandinavian or British investigators.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the European Study [22], 79.1 per 100 LNG-IUD-20 users and 71.2 per 100 Nova-T users became pregnant within 12 months after removal. The Population Council Study [15,23] showed that return of fertility in LNG-IUD-20 users after removal was as rapid as in women discontinuing use of the copper-releasing IUDs. Duration of use did not affect pregnancy rates.…”

Section: Return Of Fertility After Medical Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The non-contraceptive effects of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device

Farr

1994

Adv Contracept

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Clinical trials have consistently shown that the IUD that releases 20 micrograms levonorgestrel daily (LNG-IUD-20) has a contraceptive efficacy comparable to, if not surpassing, the Copper T380 and the Multiload Copper-375 IUDs. The focus of this review is the device's non-contraceptive effects--the beneficial ones, such as reduction of menorrhagia, a therapeutic effect on dysmenorrhea, and prevention of ectopic pregnancy, as well as the deleterious ones, such as amenorrhea, spotting and irregular bleeding, hormonal side-effects, and functional ovarian cysts. Also discussed are the possibility of a preventive effect on pelvic inflammatory disease, the effects of the IUD on postpartum/lactating women, fertility return after removal and other safety issues. In general, the LNG-IUD-20's non-contraceptive benefits are substantive, carry important medical and public health implications, and far outweigh the device's deleterious effects, which are either medically mild or transient in nature, and can usually be managed satisfactorily by counseling. A better understanding of these effects, both beneficial and deleterious, of this hormone-releasing IUD should lead to more effective patient counseling, which, in turn, should improve user quality of life, minimize unnecessary removals, and maximize continuation of use.

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“…3,4 Copper IUCDs are the most commonly used type of IUCD and the Cu T 380A has been found to be most effective IUCD. 5 In the immediate post-partum period the women are highly motivated and needs an effective method for contraception so that the child can be brought up with a relaxed mind without the worry of unintended pregnancy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A follow up study of postpartum intrauterine device insertion in a tertiary health care centre

Ranjana

Verma

Chawla

2017

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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Background: In view of high rate of unintended pregnancy in our country, particularly in post-partum women, there is a need for reliable, effective and long-term contraception such as intrauterine device (IUCD) in post-partum women. This study was done to determine the efficacy and safety of Post-Partum Intrauterine Device (PPIUCD) and to compare the outcomes of PPIUCD insertion after vaginal delivery and caesarean section.Methods: This follow up study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. R.M.L Hospital, PGIMER, New Delhi over a period of 7 month from January 2016 to July 2016. PPIUCD (cu T- 380 A) insertions were done in 136 women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Women having haemoglobin less than 8 gm%, rupture of membranes more than 18 hours, obstructed labour, Uterine anomalies, distorted uterine cavity by fibroid, significant postpartum haemorrhage, coagulation disorders, fever or clinical symptoms of infection during labour were excluded from the study. Post insertion counselling was done, and these women were advised to follow up at 6 weeks and then after 6 months postpartum in the family planning O.P.D. At the follow-up visit, the women were asked for any symptoms of unusual vaginal discharge, irregular or heavy bleeding per vagina, and any expulsions if noticed.Results: Total number of cases that reported for follow up in family planning OPD was 118. Therefore, 18 patients were lost in the follow up. In 58.47% women, there was no complaint. Heavy menstrual bleeding was found in 17.79% women and pelvic pain in 16.10% women. The expulsion rate was 5.08% and IUCD removal was done in 12.71% women. Though, the incidence of expulsion and removal rate was more in vaginal insertions than in caesarean insertions but this difference was not statistically significant, while the incidence of missing threads were found more in intra caesarean insertion (28% vs. 11.76% with p value <0.05). Continuation rate at 6 month was 82.20%.Conclusions: PPIUCD insertion is a safe, convenient and effective method of contraception. Although the expulsion rate and removal rate was more in vaginal PPIUCD insertions, the benefits of providing highly effective contraception immediately after delivery outweigh this disadvantage, particularly in our country where most of the women do not come for contraceptive advice after delivery.

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Rates and outcomes of planned pregnancy after use of Norplant capsules, Norplant II rods, or levonorgestrel-releasing or copper TCu 380Ag intrauterine contraceptive devices

Cited by 82 publications

References 24 publications

Acceptability, continuation and satisfaction of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) and delayed insertion: a comparative study

Acceptability, continuation and satisfaction of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) and delayed insertion: a comparative study

The non-contraceptive effects of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device

A follow up study of postpartum intrauterine device insertion in a tertiary health care centre

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