Rates of Mass Transfer and Adsorption of Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide at an Expanding Air–Water Interface

Adsorption Relaxation for Nonionic Surfactants under Mixed Barrier-Diffusion and Micellization-Diffusion Control

“…[4], [7], and [8], one can deduce an explicit expression for the Laplace transform of the perturbation in adsorption:…”

“…Dynamic surface coverage with adsorbed surfactant monolayers determines whether the gas bubbles or oil drops will coalesce upon collision (1,2). The physical parameter, which characterizes the surfactant solutions with their ability to quickly generate adsorption layers, is the relaxation time of the dynamic surface tension, which is liable to direct measurements with various experimental methods (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). In the case of adsorption of a nonionic surfactant under diffusion control, the theoretical problem for the relaxation of a small initial perturbation was solved by Sutherland (8), who derived [σ (t) − σ e ]/[σ (0) − σ e ] = F(t, t −1/2 d ); here, t is time, σ (t) and σ e are, respectively, the dynamic and equilibrium surface (interfacial) tension, and t d is the characteristic diffusion time:…”

Interfacial rheology of adsorbed layers with surface reaction: On the origin of the dilatational surface viscosity

“…In our Expanding Drop Method (EDM) ( [17,18], see also [53,54]) the drop is subject to continuous expansion or contraction with constant rate ȧ. Other methods are the Overflowing Cylinder [30,55,56], using radial flow on a planar surface and the capillary waves method [14,57 -63]. All methods in this group are based on following the response (by measuring the variation of the surface stress, s s ) to the surface perturbation a carried out with rate ȧ, which gives the parameters of the used rheological constitutive equation.…”

Influence of electrolytes on the dynamic surface tension of ionic surfactant solutions: Expanding and immobile interfaces

“…Stationary expansion is experimentally realized with the strip method [30,31], and the overflowing cylinder method [32][33][34][35]. It could be realized also by a Langmuir trough.…”

“…Here, our aim is to generalize Eqs. (1.3) and (1.4) in two respects: (i) for ionic surfactants in the presence or absence of added electrolyte, and (ii) for an expanding fluid interface, like that realized with the maximum bubble pressure method (MBPM) [24][25][26], expanding drop method [27][28][29], the strip method [30,31], and the overflowing cylinder method [17,[32][33][34][35]. (The γ (t) dependence for immobile interfaces can be deduced as a special case.)…”