Rates of Returns to Vocational and General Upper Secondary Education, and to Experience in Addressing the Hollow Middle in lndonesia, 2007

Pasay, N. Haidy Ahmad; Quarina, Qisha

doi:10.7454/efi.v58i3.50

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Based on previous research on the rate of return, there are studies showing that the income of vocational high school graduates is higher than that of general high school graduates (Arum & Shavit, 1995;Pasay & Quarina, 2015). Regarding age, Pasay & Quarina (Pasay & Quarina, 2015) found that the older the age, the higher the probability for individuals to work and earn wages. However, after reaching a certain point, the working probability of individuals will decrease.…”

Section: Astuti Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Labor Market Outcomes of Vocational High Schools (SMK) and General High Schools (SMA) during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Astuti

Setyonaluri

2022

JISDeP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The fourth Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopts a lifelong learning approach to education and introduces vocational and tertiary education into the global agenda. While Vocational Education and Training (VET) was almost absent in previous international development frameworks, the agenda 2030 and its SDGs highlight greater importance to it. Consequently, many governments in developing countries promote vocational secondary education to improve labor market outcomes. This study aimed to determine the development of return on investment for Vocational High Schools (SMK) and Senior High Schools (SMA) in 2020. The data used the August 2020 National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS) data with Two-Step Heckman and the Mincer Revenue Function. As a result, in 2020, the return on investment in vocational education was 16.82% higher than the rate of return on investment in high school education. However, observed by the age group, the results show that SMK only provides an initial wage advantage for men, which then declines with age. Although male SMK graduates experienced poorer results, female SMK graduates did not experience the same decline.

show abstract

Section: Astuti Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%