Rates of strabismus surgery in the United States: Implications for manpower needs in pediatric ophthalmology

Dombrow, Matthew; Engel, Harry M.

doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2007.05.010

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This would be consistent with the international trend towards less strabismus surgery (MacEwen & Chakrabarti ; Arora et al. ; Dombrow & Engel ; Chou et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

The Danish Rural Eye Study: prevalence of strabismus among 3785 Danish adults – a population‐based cross‐sectional study

Hultman

Høeg

Munch

et al. 2019

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Purpose: To determine the prevalence of strabismus among Danish adults and to find the frequency of history of strabismus and strabismus surgery. Furthermore, to evaluate the prevalence of strabismus-associated amblyopia among participants with strabismus and to relate the results to the current national vision screening programme.Methods: In total, 3785 adults in the Danish Rural Eye Study underwent an interview regarding eye health, visual acuity measurement, Hirschberg test and retinal photography. Participants were categorized into groups based on their birth date in relation to the introduction of the national vision screening programme.Results: In total, the prevalence of strabismus was 1.1% (41/3785; 95% CI: 0.8-1.5); no differences were found in relation to gender or screening status. The prevalence of exotropia (XT) was 0.3% (12/3785; 95% CI: 0.2-0.6) and of esotropia (ET) 0.8% (29/3785; 95% CI: 0.5-1.1), resulting in an XT:ET ratio of 1:2.7. A history of strabismus was present in 4.6% (174/3785; 95% CI: 4.0-5.3), and a history of strabismus surgery was present in 0.8% (32/3785; 95% CI: 0.6-1.2) of the participants. Among participants with manifest strabismus, 24% had strabismusassociated amblyopia. Conclusion:In this first European population-based study of strabismus prevalence in adults, the prevalence was similar to three out of five previous studies using cover test. The use of Hirschberg test may have led to an underestimation of the true prevalence. The prevalence was neither related to screening status nor gender. Our results are the first to display a predominance of ET among Caucasian Scandinavian adults.

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“…This would be consistent with the international trend towards less strabismus surgery (MacEwen & Chakrabarti ; Arora et al. ; Dombrow & Engel ; Chou et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

The Danish Rural Eye Study: prevalence of strabismus among 3785 Danish adults – a population‐based cross‐sectional study

Hultman

Høeg

Munch

et al. 2019

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…Strabismus correction is the most commonly performed ocular surgery in children (Dombrow et al, 2007). Although numerous studies have sought to report incidences of globe perforation and vision-threatening complications, few have investigated the management of such cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of the Management of Globe Perforation During Strabismus Surgery in the United Kingdom

2011

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“…In addition, the presence of co-existing CNS abnormalities suggests that the CNS plays a role in strabismus pathogenesis. Not being able to address the concomitant CNS abnormalities in strabismus could be the cause of surgical treatment varying [23] and sometimes unsuccessful results [28,[140][141][142][143][144], often with high recurrence and reoperation rates [145][146][147][148], all despite being a common and frequently implemented procedure worldwide [149,150]. By surgically rearranging EOM position, no steps are taken to enhance control, nor to improve oculomotor and perceptual abilities.…”

Section: Implications Regarding Strabismus Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comitant strabismus etiology: extraocular muscle integrity and central nervous system involvement—a narrative review

Sunyer-Grau

Quevedo

Rodríguez‐Vallejo³

et al. 2023

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Strabismus is not a condition in itself but the consequence of an underlying problem. Eye misalignment can be caused by disease, injury, and/or abnormalities in any of the structures and processes involved in visual perception and oculomotor control, from the extraocular muscles and their innervations to the oculomotor and visual processing areas in the brain. A small percentage of all strabismus cases are the consequence of well-described genetic syndromes, acquired insult, or disease affecting the extraocular muscles (EOMs) or their innervations. We will refer to them as strabismus of peripheral origin since their etiology lies in the peripheral nervous system. However, in most strabismus cases, that is comitant, non-restrictive, non-paralytic strabismus, the EOMs and their innervations function properly. These cases are not related to specific syndromes and their precise causes remain poorly understood. They are generally believed to be caused by deficits in the central neural pathways involved in visual perception and oculomotor control. Therefore, we will refer to them as central strabismus. The goal of this narrative review is to discuss the possible causes behind this particular type of eye misalignment and to raise awareness among eyecare professionals about the important role the central nervous system plays in strabismus etiology, and the subsequent implications regarding its treatment. A non-systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases with the keywords “origins,” “causes,” and “etiology” combined with “strabismus.” A snowball approach was also used to find relevant references. In the following article, we will first describe EOM integrity in central strabismus; next, we will address numerous reasons that support the idea of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in the origin of the deviation, followed by listing several possible central causes of the ocular misalignment. Finally, we will discuss the implications CNS etiology has on strabismus treatment.

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Rates of strabismus surgery in the United States: Implications for manpower needs in pediatric ophthalmology

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

The Danish Rural Eye Study: prevalence of strabismus among 3785 Danish adults – a population‐based cross‐sectional study

The Danish Rural Eye Study: prevalence of strabismus among 3785 Danish adults – a population‐based cross‐sectional study

A Survey of the Management of Globe Perforation During Strabismus Surgery in the United Kingdom

Comitant strabismus etiology: extraocular muscle integrity and central nervous system involvement—a narrative review

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