Ratio Effect of Codoped Spacer on Electroluminescent Characteristics of Hybrid White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Abstract

NM's theory of the AIConard-Brissonneau experiment to determine domain wall specific surface energies yo by observing the catastrophic torsional distortion of 180" domain walls that span a monocrystalline platelet carrying a current density I is reviewed. It is shown that when I> 0.924 yo/JLZ ( J is the saturation polarisation of the platelet

Color-stable, reduced efficiency roll-off hybrid white organic light emitting diodes with ultra high brightness

“…Moreover, we note that the device outperforms the reported HWOLEDs in the literature in efficiency. [4,17,[20][21][22][23] Besides, it is important to note that a much higher efficiency can be expected if we utilized out-coupling techniques. [24] The spectral stability upon the change of the applied voltage is also studied.…”

Carrier Modulation Layer-Enhanced Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

“…In 2006, Leo’s group reported a hybrid white OLED using a mixed nano CML e.g., TCTA:TPBi between the fluorescent blue and the phosphorescent green and red emissive layers, which prevents the strong charge carrier imbalance and enables the transport of holes and electrons [50]. In order to balance the charge carriers in desired emissive layers, Kim’s group investigated the effect of different pairs of mixed nano CML such as CBP:BPhen, CBP:MADN, mCP:BPhen, and TCTA:BPhen, to realize high efficiency in hybrid white OLEDs [48,54]. It has also been established that the ratio of mixed CML components has also extensively affected the EL characteristics of hybrid white OLEDs [44].…”

“…In past years, different types of materials have been employed as CML (Figure 1), such as ambipolar hosts, electron transporting materials, hole transporting materials, and mixed or blend inter-layer of hole and electron transporting materials. Several research groups have extensively employed numerous types of blend/mixed inter-layer or hybrid spacer, such as 4,4′′-di(triphenylsilyl)-p-terphenyl (BSB):2,7-bis(9-carbazolyl)-9,9-spirobifluorene (Spiro-2CBP) [44], 4, 4′- N , N ′-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP):4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BPhen) [47], CBP:2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (MADN) [48], 4,4′,4′-tris( N -carbazolyl)-triphenylamine (TCTA):1,3,5-tris[ N -(phenyl)benzimidazole]benzene (TPBi) [49], TCTA:BPhen, TCTA:bis-(2-methyl-8-quinolinolate)-4-(phenylphenolato)aluminium (BAlq) [50], TCTA:bis[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-pyridine] beryllium (Bepp 2 ) [51], N , N ′-dicarbazolyl-3,5-benzene (mCP):BPhen, and BH046:BPhen, between the emissive layers to achieve high efficiency, high brightness, very high color rendering index (CRI) and long lifetime OLEDs [44,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56]. We have summarized the triplet energy (E T ), optical energy band gap (E g ), highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, hole mobility (μ h ), and electron mobility (μ e ) of carrier modulation materials in Table 1.…”

Macro–microporous carbon for supercapacitors derived from rape seed shell

“…Various carbonaceous materials, including carbon aerogel [1][2][3], carbon nanotubes [4][5][6], microporous carbon [7][8][9] and ordered mesoporous carbon [10][11][12] have been extensively used for EDLC electrodes because of their high surface area, high conductivity and relatively low cost [13,14]. In recent years, biomass carbons have attracted great interest due to their great cheapness and easy availability.…”