Rational design and construction of nanoporous iron- and nitrogen-doped carbon electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Abstract

This review pays specific attention to the design and synthetic strategies of Fe-N/C materials with porous structures and their merits towards ORR.

Probing the active sites of site-specific nitrogen doping in metal-free graphdiyne for electrochemical oxygen reduction reactions

“…Heteroatom doping, which can induce partial charge change on the neighboring carbon, is regarded as a research frontier in boosting the ORR electrochemical efficiency of carbon materials [54,55]. Up to now, nitrogencontaining carbon-based nanostructures, such as N-doped graphene and N-containing carbon nanotube or nanofiber, have been widely demonstrated to display superb catalytic activity in fuel cells [56][57][58][59]. Additionally, in 2018, N-doped GDY was also reported to have outstanding ORR catalytic activity with rapid kinetics and remarkable half-wave potential of E 1/2 = 0.87 V under alkaline condition, which is comparable to that of commercial Pt/C catalysts (E 1/2 = 0.86 V) [60].…”

Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)‐Derived Nanoporous Carbon Materials

“…Templated carbon materials have been prepared by various approaches, such as direct carbonization from carbon precursors and soft‐ and hard‐templating methods . To enhance the electrochemical performance of electrode materials, heteroatoms (e.g., nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and boron (B)) have been doped into porous carbons …”

“…[8] To enhance the electrochemical performance of electrode materials, heteroatoms (e.g.,n itrogen (N), sulfur (S), and boron (B)) have been doped into porous carbons. [9] However,t he large-scale synthesis of NPC is difficulti nt erms of cost-effectiveness because these methods require numerous synthesis steps. To overcome these shortcomings, researchers have tried to solve the issues by using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as sacrificial templates or precursors.…”

Importance of Electrocatalyst Morphology for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

“…For ORR electrocatalysts, some review articles have also been reported to discuss the influence of the morphologies of the related electrocatalysts . We limit our focus on the overview of the latest developments in M−N−C ORR electrocatalysts.…”

“…[37,38] For ORR electrocatalysts, some review articles have also been reported to discuss the influence of the morphologies of the related electrocatalysts. [39][40][41][42][43] We limit our focus on the overview of the latest developments in MÀ NÀ C ORR electrocatalysts. Herein, the MÀ NÀ C electrocatalysts used for ORR were summarized from the point view of morphology.…”