Rational design of metal oxide catalysts for electrocatalytic water splitting

Xu, Yiming; Fan, Kaicai; Fu, Huai Qin; Zou, Yu; Dong, Mengyang; Dou, Yuhai; Wang, Yun; Chen, Shan; Yin, Huajie; Al‐Mamun, Mohammad; Liu, Porun; Zhao, Huijun

doi:10.1039/d1nr06285a

Cited by 59 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 176 publications

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“…Generally, the TOF of heterogeneous electrocatalysts is calculated by considering the active sites present on the electrocatalyst surface. The TOF can be calculated using the following equation [ 114 ]

TOF = \frac{j N_{A}}{n F Γ}

where j ,

N_{A}

, n , F , and Γ are the current density at an overpotential, Avogadro's constant, number of electrons transferred, Faraday constant, and number of moles of active sites present in the electrocatalyst, respectively. The concentration of the active sites can be determined using different techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry by assuming that all the metal centers present in the electrocatalyst are electrocatalytically active.…”

Section: Parameters Used To Evaluate Electrocatalytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 119 ] In situ XAS in combination with the Extended X‐Ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X‐Ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) can be utilized to detect the modifications of the electronic structure as well as the local geometric environments of the atoms of the electrocatalysts. [ 114 ] Bell and coworkers observed the octahedral occupancy of Fe 3+ ions in Ni 1–x Fe x OOH and very short Fe–O bond distances by operando XAS technique during alkaline OER. [ 120 ] The authors also indicated that the amount of Fe (<25%) was critical in achieving Fe‐doped γ‐Ni 1−x Fe x OOH to exhibit high OER activity.…”

Section: Parameters Used To Evaluate Electrocatalytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Parameters Used To Evaluate Electrocatalytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, precise identification of real active sites for OER is challenging; it could be achieved using in situ spectroscopic techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-Ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). [114,115] In this context, in situ Raman spectroscopy is useful to identify the intermediates and structural transformations of the electrocatalysts during electrocatalytic OER by monitoring the changes in low-frequency vibrational modes. [114][115][116][117] For example, Qiu et al [118] observed that the formation of γ-NiOOH was responsible for the improved OER activity of NiFe-LDHs in alkaline media.…”

Section: Parameters Used To Evaluate Electrocatalytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[114,115] In this context, in situ Raman spectroscopy is useful to identify the intermediates and structural transformations of the electrocatalysts during electrocatalytic OER by monitoring the changes in low-frequency vibrational modes. [114][115][116][117] For example, Qiu et al [118] observed that the formation of γ-NiOOH was responsible for the improved OER activity of NiFe-LDHs in alkaline media. The presence of Fe 3þ influenced the oxidation of Ni 2þ into γ-NiOOH, which was identified as the OER active phase by in situ Raman spectroscopy.…”

Section: Parameters Used To Evaluate Electrocatalytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mixed Transition Metal Carbonate Hydroxide‐Based Nanostructured Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Oxygen Evolution: Status and Perspectives

Karmakar

Chavan

Jeong

et al. 2022

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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To date, conventional fossil fuels have been considered the main energy source for modern civilization. [1] The nonrenewable nature and continuous depletion of fossil fuels and the increasing CO 2 emission levels necessitate the development of cost-effective renewable energy conversion/storage systems. [2][3][4][5] In this context, hydrogen, as a fuel, is considered an important alternative to many conventional energy resources owing to its several advantages, such as facile energy storage/carrier, high energy density, and zero-emission upon combustion. [6][7][8] Hydrogen has applications in heat generation, [9] refining processes in industry, [10] and provides electricity in stationary and transport/ vehicle. [11] Hydrogen can be manufactured using a variety of methods, such as hightemperature steam reforming, water electrolysis, solar water splitting-thermolysis, and biomass conversion. [12] Among these methods, steam reforming is the preferred method; it fulfills %96% of global hydrogen demand. [13,14] However, this process requires high temperatures (700-1100 °C) and fossil fuels/natural hydrocarbons, and it is accompanied by greenhouse gas (CO 2 ) emissions. [15][16][17] Among various hydrogen production technologies, water electrolysis can be considered a major contributor to the production of ultrapure hydrogen (>99.9%); moreover, water electrolysis is environmentally benign. In addition, the electrolysis of water in alkaline media is a highly cost-effective, sustainable, and industrially viable method for hydrogen production. [18] However, efficient hydrogen production through water electrolysis is limited by the high overpotential and sluggish kinetics of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). [11] The OER involves four-electron transfer pathways under acidic and alkaline conditions. Further, OER is associated with many other energy conversion and storage processes/devices, such as solar fuel production [2] and metal-air batteries. [19] The OER is a four-electron transfer process and has a relatively higher overpotential than the HER and a complex reaction mechanism; hence, OER can be considered the rate-determining step (RDS) for hydrogen production through water electrolysis. [20] Furthermore, the OER has unusually low rate constants and high

show abstract

TOF = \frac{j N_{A}}{n F Γ}

where j ,

N_{A}

Section: Parameters Used To Evaluate Electrocatalytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Parameters Used To Evaluate Electrocatalytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Parameters Used To Evaluate Electrocatalytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Parameters Used To Evaluate Electrocatalytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Parameters Used To Evaluate Electrocatalytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Mixed Transition Metal Carbonate Hydroxide‐Based Nanostructured Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Oxygen Evolution: Status and Perspectives

Karmakar

Chavan

Jeong

et al. 2022

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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Hybrid Carbon‐Metal Oxide Catalysts for Electrocatalysis, Biomass Valorization and Wastewater Treatment

Pereira,

Fernandes,

Peixoto

et al. 2024

Catalysis for a Sustainable Environment

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High‐Entropy Catalyst—A Novel Platform for Electrochemical Water Splitting

Zhai

Ren

Wang

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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High‐entropy materials (HEMs) have been in the spotlight as emerging catalysts for electrochemical water splitting. In particular, HEM catalysts feature multi‐element active sites and unsaturated coordination as well as entropy stabilization in comparison with their single‐element counterparts. Herein, a comprehensive overview of HEM catalysts used in electrochemical water splitting is provided, covering both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Particularly, the review begins with discussions of the concept and structure of HEMs. In addition, effective strategies for rationally designing HEMs on the basis of computational techniques and experimental aspects is described. Importantly, the importance of computationally aided methods, that is, density functional theory calculations, high‐throughput screening, and machine learning, to the discovery and design of HEMs, is described. Furthermore, the applications of HEMs in the field of water electrolysis are reviewed. Eventually, an outlook regarding the prospects and future opportunities for HEMs is provided.

show abstract

Rational design of metal oxide catalysts for electrocatalytic water splitting

Abstract: The review introduces the mechanisms of heterogeneous hydrogen evolution (HER) and oxygen evolution reactions (OER), summarizes in-situ characterization techniques and surveys strategies to boost the activities of metal oxide electrocatalysts.

Cited by 59 publications

References 176 publications

Mixed Transition Metal Carbonate Hydroxide‐Based Nanostructured Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Oxygen Evolution: Status and Perspectives

Mixed Transition Metal Carbonate Hydroxide‐Based Nanostructured Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Oxygen Evolution: Status and Perspectives

Hybrid Carbon‐Metal Oxide Catalysts for Electrocatalysis, Biomass Valorization and Wastewater Treatment

High‐Entropy Catalyst—A Novel Platform for Electrochemical Water Splitting

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