Rational Design of Nanoparticles with Efficient Lanthanide Luminescence Sensitized by Iridium(III) Complex for Time‐Gated Luminescence Bioimaging

Abstract

in aqueous solution under the visible excitation of up to 488 nm. This nanoprobe exhibits multiple advantages, including long excitation wavelength, high quantum effi ciency, long emission lifetime, narrow emission bands, high photostability, excellent water dispersibility, and good biocompatibility, all of which are very benefi cial for applications in bioimaging. The successful application of nanoprobe in bioimaging with visible excitation has been demonstrated. Thus, the design strategy will be a versatile and convenient way to realize excellent lanthanide(III) complex-based bioprobes for practical biomedical applications. Scheme 1. Design strategy and synthesis procedure of lanthanide(III) complex-based bioporbes sensitized by Ir(III) complexes. 235 wileyonlinelibrary.com

Long-Lived Emissive Probes for Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Bioimaging and Biosensing

“…A longer emission lifetime was observed for complex 13 . In another study, Ir­(III) complex 15 and Eu­(III) chelate 16 were covalently embedded into mesoporous silica nanoparticles . The Ir-based luminescence of the nanoparticles at 470 nm exhibited biexponential decay with the lifetimes of the two components to be 1203 ns (49%) and 102 ns (51%), respectively.…”

Heteronuclear Ir(III)–Ln(III) Luminescent Complexes: Small-Molecule Probes for Dual Modal Imaging and Oxygen Sensing

“…The long-lived excited states of many d-block luminophores with triplet excited states make them excellent energy donors whose excited-state energy can be tuned over a wide range by control of ligand type and substituents; in addition, numerous straightforward synthetic methods exist to combine d-block and f-block units such that d–f energy-transfer can occur with the d-block unit acting as the light-harvesting antenna for the lanthanide ion, for which direct f–f excitation is Laporte-forbidden . Among such d–f hybrids the extensive family of cyclometalated phenyl-pyridine/Ir­(III) complexes, with their high energy and long-lived triplet excited states that result in blue or green luminescence, have proven to be effective energy-donors for generating luminescence from lanthanides such as Eu­(III), Tb­(III), Yb­(III), and Nd­(III) in Ir/Ln dyads. , The first example came from De Cola and co-workers, who demonstrated that the combination of blue Ir­(III)-based emission and red Eu­(III)-based emission from a single molecular edifice could be used to generate white light, and many other examples have been reported since then.…”

Strong nonlinear optical phosphorescence from water-soluble polymer dots: Towards the application of two-photon bioimaging

“…Additionally, the phosphorescent metal complexes can be utilized not only as optical sensors for oxygen, but also as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy [8,9]. Although there were many reported phosphorescent probes based on metal complexes, most of them were achieved through one-photon excitation [8,9]. In fact, heavy-metal complexes are also good candidates as nonlinear optical phosphorescent chromophores, whose TPA can be easily tuned by changing the metal centers or/and ligand structures through their synergistic role [10].…”

“…With much longer lifetime of TES and larger Stokes shift, phosphorescence can more effectively reduce interference from excitation light, autofluorescence and self-quenching. Additionally, the phosphorescent metal complexes can be utilized not only as optical sensors for oxygen, but also as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy [8,9]. Although there were many reported phosphorescent probes based on metal complexes, most of them were achieved through one-photon excitation [8,9].…”