Rational design of porous Ru‐doped CuO nanoarray on carbon cloth: Toward reversible catalyst layer for efficient Li‐O ₂ batteries

Abstract

Summary Until now, in case of Li‐O2 batteries, catalyst materials are applied by simple mixing with carbon black, which causes large overpotential due to limited active surface of the catalyst, leading to low energy efficiency and short cycle life. Accordingly, in previous studies, significant advances have been witnessed in the synthesis of various electrode materials with three‐dimensional (3‐D) structures for application in electrochemical energy storage devices. Herein, the 1‐D@3‐D catalyst layer design and efficient active site formation strategy help to enable an efficient Li‐O2 battery. In particular, it should be noted that the 1‐D@3‐D catalyst layer has great potential for maximizing the active contact area between the electrolyte and the catalyst materials and promoting the rapid diffusion of products and reactants through their stereoscopic structure. The 1‐D Ru‐doped CuO nanorod array on 3‐D carbon cloth (Ru‐CuO/RuO2@CC) is demonstrated via 7,7,8,8‐Tetracyanoquinodimethane‐solution deposition, and thermal oxidation process. A comprehensive kinetic study using linear sweep voltammetry reveals that the Ru‐CuO/RuO2@CC has superior ORR/OER performance compared to a CuO nanorods‐loaded carbon cloth and a CuO/RuO2 nanoparticles‐loaded carbon cloth. The Ru‐CuO/RuO2@CC as a catalyst layer combined cell is achieved 1.0 mA h cm−2 (=3075 mA h gc−1) during 30 cycles with a low overpotential decay rate of 0.88% per cycle.

Review—Research Progress and Prospects of Li-Air Battery in Wearable Devices

“…A large number of experiments show that the 1D/2D/3D composite structure cathode design has great potential in maximizing the active contact area between the electrolyte and the catalyst material and promoting the rapid diffusion of products and reactants through its three-dimensional structure. 75 Based on capillary tissue structure, Zhang's team 76 developed a low-cost flexible self-supporting cathode by direct growing N-doped carbon nanotubes on stainless steel mesh (N-CNTs@SS) (as displayed in Fig. 11).…”

Perspectives on the development of highly active, stable, and cost‐effective OER electrocatalysts in acid

“…Introducing low‐cost materials is one of the most intuitive and efficient ways to reduce the cost of noble metal‐based catalysts 156–162 . Some cases have been reported in which precious metals such as Ir and Ru are significantly reduced through the alloying processes to increase economic feasibility and exhibit excellent catalytic performance.…”

“…Introducing low-cost materials is one of the most intuitive and efficient ways to reduce the cost of noble metal-based catalysts. [156][157][158][159][160][161][162] Some cases have been reported in which precious metals such as Ir and Ru are significantly reduced through the alloying processes to increase economic feasibility and exhibit excellent catalytic performance. For example, Zhu et al synthesized the ultrasmall FeCoNiIrRu high-entropy alloy (HEA) NPs in electrospun carbon nanofibers (FeCoNiIr-Ru/CNFs), which exhibited highly active (241 mV at 10 mA cm −2 ) and stable (no degradation for 14 h at 10 mA cm −2 ) acidic OER electrocatalytic performances with the high mass activity of 205 mA mg −1 Ir + Ru (Figure 17A).…”

Cu3P Nanoarrays Derived from 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane for High-Rate Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reactions of Lithium-Oxygen Batteries

“…and even metal-free compounds [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Furthermore, numerous combinations of catalysts based on cobalt, iron, nickel, copper oxides/hydroxides, and carbon-based materials have been explored as prospective bifunctional oxygen catalysts [28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

“…Recently, a nanoarray with enhanced catalytic performance was developed by utilizing TCNQ. Yoo et al exploited uniform TCNQ-based CuTCNQ nanorods in fabricating Ru-doped CuO nanorods and demonstrated their feasibility as bifunctional electrocatalysts [32].…”