Ratios of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in Pseudomonas fluorescens as a model for bacterial element ratios and nutrient regeneration

Chrzanowski, Thomas H.; Kyle, Marcia

doi:10.3354/ame010115

Cited by 78 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…PNP produced from paraoxon represses cell growth. It has been reported that PNP is cytotoxic and represses growth (4,19). When PNP accumulated in the medium to a high concentration, cell growth, and hence paraoxon degradation, ceased.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineralization of Paraoxon and Its Use as a Sole C and P Source by a Rationally Designed Catabolic Pathway in Pseudomonas putida

Mattozzi

Tehara²,

Hong

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Organophosphate compounds, which are widely used as pesticides and chemical warfare agents, are cholinesterase inhibitors. These synthetic compounds are resistant to natural degradation and threaten the environment. We constructed a strain of Pseudomonas putida that can efficiently degrade a model organophosphate, paraoxon, and use it as a carbon, energy, and phosphorus source. This strain was engineered with the pnp operon from Pseudomonas sp. strain ENV2030, which encodes enzymes that transform p-nitrophenol into ␤-ketoadipate, and with a synthetic operon encoding an organophosphate hydrolase (encoded by opd) from Flavobacterium sp. strain ATCC 27551, a phosphodiesterase (encoded by pde) from Delftia acidovorans, and an alkaline phosphatase (encoded by phoA) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa HN854 under control of a constitutive promoter. The engineered strain can efficiently mineralize up to 1 mM (275 mg/liter) paraoxon within 48 h, using paraoxon as the sole carbon and phosphorus source and an inoculum optical density at 600 nm of 0.03. Because the organism can utilize paraoxon as a sole carbon, energy, and phosphorus source and because one of the intermediates in the pathway (p-nitrophenol) is toxic at high concentrations, there is no need for selection pressure to maintain the heterologous pathway.Organophosphates have been widely used as nerve agents and pesticides. Examples of these compounds include the pesticides coumaphos and parathion and the nerve gas agents soman, sarin, and VX. These compounds irreversibly inhibit acetylcholine degradation in the human body and can kill quickly by causing persistent and uncontrolled muscle stimulation. Parathion, methyl parathion, and paraoxon, three insecticides, are common model organophosphates because they are much less toxic (in rats, the 50% lethal dose of paraoxon is 1.8 mg/kg, compared to 0.001 mg/kg for VX) and less volatile than many nerve agents. Synthetic in origin, many organophosphates are persistent in the environment and resist degradation by naturally extant microorganisms.Although incineration and chemical hydrolysis have been widely used to destroy these toxic compounds (20), many microorganisms can detoxify organophosphates by hydrolyzing them using organophosphate acid anhydrases. In general, these enzymes have a broad substrate range and can hydrolyze a number of organophosphate contaminants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strains and plasmids used are listed in Table 1 4 , with C and P sources added separately (24)] was used for in vivo assays of paraoxon degradation. This medium allows fine manipulation of phosphate and carbon sources.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralization of Paraoxon and Its Use as a Sole C and P Source by a Rationally Designed Catabolic Pathway in Pseudomonas putida

Mattozzi

Tehara²,

Hong

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…L239 was stratified during the period of sampling, and its seston C:P and C:N ratios (Table 1) suggested severe nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency of phytoplankton throughout the growing season (Healey & Hendzel 1980). If stoichiometric ratios in the seston also characterize bacterioplankton, then phosphorus limitation is likely (Vadstein & Olsen 1989, Chrzanowski & Kyle 1996.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal patterns of substrate utilization by bacterioplankton: case studies in four temperate lakes of different latitudes

Grover¹,

Chrzanowski²

2000

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Utilization of 95 carbon sources by bacteria in 2 Canadian Shield lakes and 2 Texan reservoirs was determined using Biolog-GN microtiter plates. Triplicate plates were inoculated and incubated for 5 d, during which color development was monitored twice daily by optical density (OD 595 ). Optical densities in plate wells containing carbon substrates were corrected for blank absorbance at each measurement time. Then, data on optical densities of all substrate wells were selected from a single measurement time, to construct a community-level physiological profile. This measurement time was chosen so that plates would be compared at similar levels of color development. This data selection also generally maximized correlations of substrate utilization patterns determined from replicate plates. Multivariate analyses (ordinations) of the community-level physiological profiles identified several amino acids, carboxylic acids, and carbohydrates associated with seasonal patterns of substrate utilization. Multivariate analyses further revealed patterns in substrate utilization common to all 4 lakes: strong relative responses to amino and carboxylic acids in cool seasons and strong relative responses to carbohydrates in warm seasons. These patterns may be driven by seasonal events among phytoplankton that influence carbohydrate supply, and appear to be dampened in an oligotrophic lake, which does not support high algal abundance.KEY WORDS: Bacterioplankton · Biolog-GN · Substrate utilization pattern · Community-level physiological profileResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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“…However, a few studies have observed limited elemental plasticity of aquatic bacteria (e.g., TEZUKA, 1990;CHRZANOWSKI and KYLE, 1996), and there is some evidence that fungi respond to low phosphorus by storing phosphorus in polyphosphate granules, reducing the phosphorus content of cell walls, and partially replacing phospholipid with phosphorus-free lipid (BEEVER and BURNS, 1980;JENNINGS, 1995).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient Uptake and Mineralization during Leaf Decay in Streams – a Model Simulation

Webster

Newbold

Thomas

et al. 2009

International Review of Hydrobiology

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We developed a stoichiometrically explicit computer model to examine how heterotrophic uptake of nutrients and microbial mineralization occurring during the decay of leaves in streams may be important in modifying nutrient concentrations. The simulations showed that microbial uptake can substantially decrease stream nutrient concentrations during the initial phases of decomposition, while mineralization may produce increases in concentrations during later stages of decomposition. The simulations also showed that initial nutrient content of the leaves can affect the stream nutrient concentration dynamics and determine whether nitrogen or phosphorus is the limiting nutrient. Finally, the simulations suggest a net retention (uptake > mineralization) of nutrients in headwater streams, which is balanced by export of particulate organic nutrients to downstream reaches. Published studies support the conclusion that uptake can substantially change stream nutrient concentrations. On the other hand, there is little published evidence that mineralization also affects nutrient concentrations. Also, there is little information on direct microbial utilization of nutrients contained in the decaying leaves themselves. Our results suggest several directions for research that will improve our understanding of the complex relationship between leaf decay and nutrient dynamics in streams.

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Ratios of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in Pseudomonas fluorescens as a model for bacterial element ratios and nutrient regeneration

Cited by 78 publications

References 21 publications

Mineralization of Paraoxon and Its Use as a Sole C and P Source by a Rationally Designed Catabolic Pathway in Pseudomonas putida

Mineralization of Paraoxon and Its Use as a Sole C and P Source by a Rationally Designed Catabolic Pathway in Pseudomonas putida

Seasonal patterns of substrate utilization by bacterioplankton: case studies in four temperate lakes of different latitudes

Nutrient Uptake and Mineralization during Leaf Decay in Streams – a Model Simulation

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