Raveling performance of conventional and rubberized chip seal under field and laboratory traffic loading

Effect of Vehicle Speed and Weight on Raveling of Chip Seal Constructed Using Mineral and Tire Derived Aggregate

“…The study will also improve the understanding of using TDA in chip seal. The results of this study will provide a strong foundation for future implementation on using recycled tires as an aggregate in chip seal, which is crucial for natural resource preservation and environmental protection (3,21,22,26).…”

“…It refers to the loss of surface texture over time, which can result in decreased skid resistance and increased risk of accidents. By identifying areas that require maintenance or repair using these methods, road engineers can ensure the safety and longevity of the road network (3,(17)(18)(19).…”

“…Tire derived aggregate (TDA) has been used as a replacement for mineral aggregate in chip seal representing a more sustainable practice (3,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). Those studies indicated that there is a weaker bond between the bitumen binder and TDA compared with mineral aggregate, given the hydrophobic surface of the TDA and 0% water absorption (3,24,27).…”

“…Chip seal raveling occurs in three stages: initial, early-stage, and late-stage ( 3 ). Initial raveling happens after construction as a result of inadequate design or construction.…”

“…Tire derived aggregate (TDA) has been used as a replacement for mineral aggregate in chip seal representing a more sustainable practice ( 3 , 20–29 ). Those studies indicated that there is a weaker bond between the bitumen binder and TDA compared with mineral aggregate, given the hydrophobic surface of the TDA and 0% water absorption ( 3 , 24 , 27 ). However, field measurements and laboratory tests have shown that replacing up to 50% of the mineral aggregate with TDA did not significantly affect the raveling resistance of chip seal at ambient temperatures, regardless of the binder rate ( 3 ).…”