Abstract:In the paper, we propose and design a ring-topology wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) access network for long-reach signal transmission. Here, the new central office (CO) and optical network unit (ONU) modules are designed to construct the ring-based architecture for symmetric data connection. Thus, the Rayleigh backscattering (RB) beat noise can be prevented due to the unidirectional downstream and upstream signal connections. In the demonstration, eight WDM wavelengths with 10 Gbit/s on-off keying (OOK)… Show more
“…It includes different PON technologies like Ethernet (E) PON, gigabyte (G) PON, symmetric (X) GPON, and NG-PON, i.e., WDM-PON. The demand for EPON and GPON equipment has increased due to the increasing demand for telecom and internet services [ 2 , 13 – 15 ]. Fig.…”
To fulfill the future demand for high data rate, novel research has been carried out which provides high-performance and secured communication from the optical line terminal (OLT) to the optical network unit (ONU). Results have been incorporated with simulations in optical simulation software called Opti-system. Gain and power estimation has been considered for long reach using wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON). This method evolves with time and extends to mobile, local area, and metro area access networks. Finally, it has been predicted that the system data rate can reach (2.5 × 8) 20 gigabits per second (Gbps) up to a maximum of 80 km (km). The distance limit for larger data speeds (i.e., 5Gbps or 10 Gbps) was 80 km with a power of 30 dBm. A higher data rate of 40 Gbps per channel was achieved successfully at 30 km, i.e., a maximum data rate from 80 Gbps (10 × 8) to 320 Gbps (40 × 8) can be achieved with novel optimized WDM-PON architecture. Bit error rate (BER), quality (Q) factor, and eye height have limited within the acceptable range as per international telecommunication union (ITU) standards to achieve and fulfill the future demand of 5G (generation) or 6G-based applications at the last mile.
“…It includes different PON technologies like Ethernet (E) PON, gigabyte (G) PON, symmetric (X) GPON, and NG-PON, i.e., WDM-PON. The demand for EPON and GPON equipment has increased due to the increasing demand for telecom and internet services [ 2 , 13 – 15 ]. Fig.…”
To fulfill the future demand for high data rate, novel research has been carried out which provides high-performance and secured communication from the optical line terminal (OLT) to the optical network unit (ONU). Results have been incorporated with simulations in optical simulation software called Opti-system. Gain and power estimation has been considered for long reach using wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON). This method evolves with time and extends to mobile, local area, and metro area access networks. Finally, it has been predicted that the system data rate can reach (2.5 × 8) 20 gigabits per second (Gbps) up to a maximum of 80 km (km). The distance limit for larger data speeds (i.e., 5Gbps or 10 Gbps) was 80 km with a power of 30 dBm. A higher data rate of 40 Gbps per channel was achieved successfully at 30 km, i.e., a maximum data rate from 80 Gbps (10 × 8) to 320 Gbps (40 × 8) can be achieved with novel optimized WDM-PON architecture. Bit error rate (BER), quality (Q) factor, and eye height have limited within the acceptable range as per international telecommunication union (ITU) standards to achieve and fulfill the future demand of 5G (generation) or 6G-based applications at the last mile.
“…Hence, the multiple WDM wavelengths are required to regard as the downstream and upstream signals. Once the downstream and upstream signals are the same wavelengths for bidirectional connection, the Rayleigh backscattering (RB) would be induced to cause the interference noise at the photodiode (PD) of optical line termination (OLT) and optical network unit (ONU), respectively [6]. To avoid the RB noise, using dual band for dividing the downstream and upstream traffics over available wavelength bandwidth is the common way basically [7].…”
In this paper, we present and investigate a wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) with symmetry 28 Gbit/s on-off keying (OOK) access signals and 3 Gbit/s virtual private network (VPN) link between the optical network units (ONUs) simultaneously. To achieve the VPN connection, a ring-based network architecture is designed to link every ONUs. Here, a direct modulation laser diode (LD) of 1311.6 nm wavelength is applied in ONU for VPN transmission to separate from PON network. In the investigation, the fiber and free space optical communication (FSO) based network are also exploited to connect every ONU. In addition, the corresponding signal behaviors of WDM-PON and VPN networks are also analyzed and discussed.
INDEX TERMSWDM-PON, Virtual private network (VPN), Rayleigh backscattering (RB), OOK modulation, Confidential connection.
“…Recently, due to the immediate requirements of artificial intelligence (AI), 5G mobile, cloud computing, big data, internet, 4K/8K video service, and video conferencing for end user, developing the time-division-multiplexing (TDM) and wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) passive optical networks (PONs) have been proposed and studied to meet the desire in last mile access [1][2][3][4]. The PON access have the advantages of high flexibility, wide capacity, and costeffectiveness [5].…”
In this study, a symmetric polarization-division-multiplexing (PDM) wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) with fiber to the extension (FTTE) architecture is presented and investigated. The proposed PON can also avoid the Rayleigh backscattering (RB) interference noise. Here, each WDM wavelength can produce 25 Gbit/s on-off keying (OOK) and 10 Gbit/s OOK modulation channels simultaneously in x-and y-polarizations (Polx and Poly) through PDM method for 25 and 105 km single-mode fiber (SMF) transmissions without dispersion compensation. The measured minimal power budget of 25 and 10 Gbit/s downstream and upstream signals are 29 and 35.1 dB and 29.8 and 31.5 dB, respectively, at the forward error correction (FEC) target. Therefore, the proposed PDM WDM-PON architecture can not only offer symmetric 35 Gbit/s downstream and upstream connections by the dual-polarized wavelength, but also can avoid the RB-induced interference noise. In addition, the presented dualpolarized downstream signal also can provide information security in physical layer, when the unauthorized user occupies unlawfully.
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