Rayleigh scattering boosted multi-GHz displacement sensitivity in whispering gallery opto-mechanical resonators

Tallur, Siddharth; Bhave, Sunil A.

doi:10.1364/oe.21.027780

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These values should be compared to the absolute position displacement sensitivities on the order of 10 −19 m/Hz 1/2 achieved with the best present-day optical interferometers, for example, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) [198]. Rayleigh scattering has also been used to enhance the displacement sensitivity of optomechanical resonators at multi-gigahertz frequencies in the resolved sideband regime [252]. …”

Section: Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whispering gallery mode sensors

2015

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We present a comprehensive overview of sensor technology exploiting optical whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonances. After a short introduction we begin by detailing the fundamental principles and theory of WGMs in optical microcavities and the transduction mechanisms frequently employed for sensing purposes. Key recent theoretical contributions to the modeling and analysis of WGM systems are highlighted. Subsequently we review the state of the art of WGM sensors by outlining efforts made to date to improve current detection limits. Proposals in this vein are numerous and range, for example, from plasmonic enhancements and active cavities to hybrid optomechanical sensors, which are already working in the shot noise limited regime. In parallel to furthering WGM sensitivity, efforts to improve the time resolution are beginning to emerge. We therefore summarize the techniques being pursued in this vein. Ultimately WGM sensors aim for real-world applications, such as measurements of force and temperature, or alternatively gas and biosensing. Each such application is thus reviewed in turn, and important achievements are discussed. Finally, we adopt a more forward-looking perspective and discuss the outlook of WGM sensors within both a physical and biological context and consider how they may yet push the detection envelope further.

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Section: Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whispering gallery mode sensors

2015

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“…Existing models do not adequately describe the observed features in optical measurements of microrings. Current fitting models typically describe only symmetrically split resonances . No published models can explain this asymmetry in a satisfactory manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Backscattering in silicon microring resonators: a quantitative analysis

Vaerenbergh

Heyn

et al. 2016

Laser & Photonics Reviews

122

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Silicon microring resonators very often exhibit resonance splitting due to backscattering. This effect is hard to model in a quantitative and predictive way. This paper presents a behavioral circuit model for ring resonators that quantitatively explains the wide variations in resonance splitting observed in experiments. The model is based on an in-depth analysis of the contributions to backscattering by both the ring waveguides and the coupling sections, and it accurately explains the origin of asymmetric resonance splitting. Backscattering transforms unidirectional ring resonators into bidirectional circuits by coupling the clockwise and counter-clockwise circulating modes.In high-Q rings this will induce visible resonance splitting, but due to the stochastic nature of backscattering this splitting is different for each resonance. Our model, based on temporal coupled mode theory, and the associated fitting method are both accurate and robust, and can also, for the first time, explain asymmetrically split resonances. The cause of asymmetric resonance splitting is identified as the backcoupling in the coupling sections. This is experimentally confirmed, and we further analyze the dependency on gap and coupling length. Moreover, the wide variations in resonance splitting of one spectrum is also analyzed and successfully explained by our circuit model that incorporates most linear parasitic effects in the ring resonator. This analysis uncovers multi-cavity interference within the ring as the source of this variation.

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“…There has been significant research in fitting such split resonances and characterizing the contributions to the backscattering. Unfortunately, a model and associated fitting method which is both accurate and robust is still missing and most methods are limited to symmetrically split resonances [6][7][8][9], even though most resonances from experiments are asymmetrically split, as also illustrated in figure 1. The research into backscattering focuses largely on the contribution of waveguide roughness, and this cannot explain these asymmetries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%