Re-emergence of rinderpest as a threat in East Africa since 1979

Rossiter, P. B.; Jessett, DM; Wafula, J. S.; Karstad, L.; Chema, S.; Taylor, W. P.; Rowe, L.W.; Nyange, J.; Otaru, Martins . O; Mumbala, M.; Et, A L

doi:10.1136/vr.113.20.459

Cited by 31 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…& S.A.R.M, unpublished) (Sinclair 1977(Sinclair , 1979Plowright 1982). After 1964 rinderpest was absent until 1982, when a mild form of the disease was found in buffalo, but not wildebeest (Rossiter et al 1983), that had no detectable population affects (Dublin et al 1990a). It is still absent from the system.…”

Section: Disappearance Of Rinderpestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐Term Ecosystem Dynamics in the Serengeti: Lessons for Conservation

Sinclair

Mduma

Hopcraft

et al. 2007

Conservation Biology

169

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Data from long-term ecological studies further understanding of ecosystem dynamics and can guide evidence-based management. In a quasi-natural experiment we examined long-term monitoring data on different components of the Serengeti-Mara Ecosystem to trace the effects of disturbances and thus to elucidate cause-and-effect connections between them. The long-term data illustrated the role of food limitation in population regulation in mammals, particularly in migratory wildebeest and nonmigratory buffalo. Predation limited populations of smaller resident ungulates and small carnivores. Abiotic events, such as droughts and floods, created disturbances that affected survivorship of ungulates and birds. Such disturbances showed feedbacks between biotic and abiotic realms. Interactions between elephants and their food allowed savanna and grassland communities to co-occur. With increased woodland vegetation, predators' capture of prey increased. Anthropogenic disturbances had direct (hunting) and indirect (transfer of disease to wildlife) effects. Slow and rapid changes and multiple ecosystem states became apparent only over several decades and involved events at different spatial scales. Conservation efforts should accommodate both infrequent and unpredictable events and long-term trends. Management should plan on the time scale of those events and should not aim to maintain the status quo. Systems can be self-regulating through food availability and predator-prey interactions; thus, culling may not be required. Ecosystems can occur in multiple states; thus, there may be no a priori need to maintain one natural state. Finally, conservation efforts outside protected areas must distinguish between natural change and direct human-induced change. Protected areas can act as ecological baselines in which human-induced change is kept to a minimum.

show abstract

Section: Disappearance Of Rinderpestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐Term Ecosystem Dynamics in the Serengeti: Lessons for Conservation

Sinclair

Mduma

Hopcraft

et al. 2007

Conservation Biology

169

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Disease has been well monitored in the buffalo and we have no indication that the observed changes in population have been caused by epizootics. Rinderpest virus originally caused major declines in buffalo numbers after 1890 but the virus has not caused declines since the 1960s (Dobson 1995;Dublin et al 1990a;Rossiter et al 1983;Sinclair et al 2008), and indeed it is now globally extinct (Normille 2008). Bovine tuberculosis (Myobacterium bovis), although prevalent in South Africa (Cross et al 2009), has not been found in Serengeti buffalo (Cleaveland et al 2008;Sinclair 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the protection of wildlife in parks: the case of African buffalo in Serengeti

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human population growth rates on the borders of protected areas in Africa are nearly double the average rural growth, suggesting that protected areas attract human settlement. Increasing human populations could be a threat to biodiversity through increases in illegal hunting. In the Serengeti ecosystem, Tanzania, there have been marked declines in black rhino (Diceros bicornis), elephant (Loxodonta africana) and African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) inside the protected area during a period when there was a reduction of protection through anti-poaching effort . Subsequently, protection effort has increased and has remained stable. During both periods there were major differences in population decline and recovery in different areas. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the possible causes of the spatial differences. We used a spatially structured population model to analyze the impacts of three factors-(i) hunting, (ii) food shortage and (iii) natural predation. Population changes were best explained by illegal hunting but model fit improved with the addition of predation mortality and the effect of food supply in areas where hunting was least. We used a GIS analysis to determine variation in human settlement rates and related those rates to intrinsic population changes in buffalo. Buffalo populations in close proximity to areas with higher rates of human settlement had low or 123Biodivers Conserv (2010) 19:3431-3444 DOI 10.1007/s10531-010-9904-z negative rates of increase and were slowest to recover or failed to recover at all. The increase in human populations along the western boundary of the Serengeti ecosystem has led to negative consequences for wildlife populations, pointing to the need for enforcement of wildlife laws to mitigate these effects.

show abstract

“…The recent epidemics of rinderpest in Africa (Nawathe et al, 1983;Rossiter et al, 1983) have involved more than one strain with varying virulence and have encouraged renewed attempts to distinguish between strains and, possibly, to determine which characteristics may be associated with virulence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Differential Growth of Virulent and Avirulent Strains of Rinderpest Virus in Bovine Lymphocytes and Macrophages

Rossiter

Wardley

1985

Journal of General Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYRinderpest virus (RV) grew readily in cultures of purified bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes and udder macrophages. The growth of three strains of RV was compared and there appeared to be a relationship between increasing virulence and increased ability to infect lymphocytes and macrophages. The proportion of infected cells as determined by the presence of virus antigens was a better indicator of affinity between a strain and cell type than production of new infectious virus. RV grew better in populations of predominantly T lymphocytes than in T-depleted cultures. Although RV could infect 100~ of cells in macrophage monolayers, it did not appear to infect more than about 30~o of ceils in lymphocyte cultures. Virulent RV grew more readily in bovine than caprine or ovine lymphocytes, whereas virulent peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) grew better in lymphocytes from sheep and goats. There was no marked difference in the growth of either virus in lymphocytes from uninfected or recently convalescent animals. INTRODUCTIONIt is well established that there are different strains of rinderpest virus (RV) which vary in their virulence for cattle and other susceptible species but are indistinguishable by other

show abstract

Re-emergence of rinderpest as a threat in East Africa since 1979

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Long‐Term Ecosystem Dynamics in the Serengeti: Lessons for Conservation

Long‐Term Ecosystem Dynamics in the Serengeti: Lessons for Conservation

Evaluating the protection of wildlife in parks: the case of African buffalo in Serengeti

The Differential Growth of Virulent and Avirulent Strains of Rinderpest Virus in Bovine Lymphocytes and Macrophages

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About