Re-evaluation of the conceptualisation of super levees by focusing on the availability of open space as an evacuation area along the Arakawa River

Abstract

The objective of this study is to re-evaluate the conceptualisation of super levees by focussing on the availability of open spaces as evacuation areas along the Arakawa River. By using land use analysis, occupation analysis and cross-section, this study found that open spaces on super levees able to accommodate a large number of evacuees. This proves that the development of super levees is undeniably ready to provide sizeable safe upland evacuation area for nearby residents. This study also implies that the future development of super levee should include more open space by the development of a public park on the site.Keywords: super levee; open space; flood; evacuationeISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.