Re-experiencing phenomena following a disaster: The long-term predictive role of intrusion symptoms in the development of post-trauma depression and anxiety

Lawrence‐Wood, Ellie; Hooff, Miranda Van; Baur, Jenelle; McFarlane, Alexander C.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.029

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, contrary to what has been reported in some of the longitudinal studies on PTSD development (Lawrence-Wood et al, 2016;Pietrzak et al, 2010), in our model, avoidance was not predictive of any cluster development over time. This might be explained by the fact that avoidance in the peritraumatic context of war may be a very concrete phenomenon that is unrelated to the experiential avoidance trait or posttraumatic avoidance (Kumpula, Orcutt, Bardeen, & Varkovitzky, 2011).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Further studies have suggested that NCM also has a prominent influence on posttraumatic symptomatology (Breslau, Reboussin, Anthony, & Storr, ; Doron‐LaMarca et al., ; Kashdan, Elhai, & Frueh, ; Pietrzak, Goldstein, Malley, Rivers, & Southwick, ; Thompson et al., ). Finally, avoidance has also been found to be a meaningful predictor of intrusion and arousal over time (Lawrence‐Wood, Van Hooff, Baur, & McFarlane, ; Pietrzak et al., ).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Dynamic Relations Among Peritraumatic Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms: An Experience Sampling Study During Wartime

Gelkopf

Pickman

Carlson

et al. 2019

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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The associations among peritraumatic posttraumatic stress symptoms (P‐PTSS) in the immediate aftermath of trauma exposure, including those in the posttraumatic stress disorder clusters of intrusions, avoidance, negative cognitions and mood (NCM), and arousal, might indicate mechanisms through which enduring PTSD develops. During a period of war, exposed participants (N = 181) were sent twice‐daily questionnaires for 30 days via smartphone. We repeatedly assessed the predictive associations between the P‐PTSS clusters over time. We performed a multilevel pathway analysis built of multiple triple sequence responses (6,221 cases) on each of the four P‐PTSS clusters at a mean time lag of 12 hr (Model A) and 24 hr (Model B) for 181 participants, 85 of whom had been diagnosed with a serious mental illness. Arousal predicted intrusion in Models A and B, bA = 0.08, 95% CI [0.03, 0.12], p < .001 and bB = 0.03, 95% CI [0.00, 0.07], p = .051, respectively; and NCM in Models A and B, bA = 0.09, 95% CI [0.05, 0.12], p < .001 and bB = 0.06, 95% CI [0.03, 0.09], p < .001, respectively. Intrusion predicted arousal in Model B, bB = 0.05, 95% CI [0.01, 0.08], p = .010. NCM predicted arousal, bA = 0.10, 95% CI [0.05, 0.14], p < .001, and avoidance bA = 0.05, 95% CI [0.00, 0.11], p = .052, in Model A. Avoidance did not predict any other cluster. Arousal seemed to be acting as a hub, strengthening feedback loops to and from NCM and intrusion.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

The Dynamic Relations Among Peritraumatic Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms: An Experience Sampling Study During Wartime

Gelkopf

Pickman

Carlson

et al. 2019

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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“…(Gladstone & Parker, 2003;MacLeod & Byrne, 1996;Miranda & Mennin, 2007;Wells & Carter, 2001). As the current tool is also designed to quantify mental time travel to the past, it could similarly be used to further explore conditions of depression, for which in addition to worrying about future events, a high level of rumination about past events is typical (Berman et al, 2011;MacLeod & Byrne, 1996;McLaughlin, Borkovec, & Sibrava, 2007), or posttraumatic stress disorder, which is characterized by sudden flashbacks to past episodes both in waking and in sleep (Ehlers, Hackmann, & Michael, 2004;Lawrence-Wood, VanHoof, Baur, & McFarlane, 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

As we fall asleep we forget about the future: A quantitative linguistic analysis of mentation reports from hypnagogia

Speth

Schloerscheidt

Speth

2016

Consciousness and Cognition

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Citation for published version (APA):Speth, J., Schloerscheidt, A. M., & Speth, C. (2016). As we fall asleep we forget about the future: a quantitative linguistic analysis of mentation reports from hypnagogia. Consciousness and Cognition, 45, 235-244. DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2016.08.014 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in Discovery Research Portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from Discovery Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain.• You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. AbstractWe present a quantitative study of mental time travel to the past and future in sleep onset hypnagogia. Three independent, blind judges analysed a total of 150 mentation reports from different intervals prior to and after sleep onset. The linguistic tool for the mentation report analysis grounds on established grammatical and cognitive-semantic theories, and proof of concept has been provided in previous studies. The current results indicate that memory for the future, but not for the past, decreases in sleep onset -thereby supporting preliminary physiological evidence at the level of brain function. While recent memory research emphasizes similarities in the cognitive and physiological processes of mental time travel to the past and future, the current study explores a state of consciousness which may serve to dissociate between the two. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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“…Research suggests that post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may also be associated with reduced cognitive functioning and increased risk of dementia [5,6]. PTSD involves complex memory, emotional, and behavioral processes [7], and encompasses distinct domains including re‐experiencing, effortful avoidance, emotional numbing, and hyperarousal resulting from a traumatic event [8]. Exact mechanisms for this association remain understudied [9].…”

Section: Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive impairment among World Trade Center responders: Long‐term implications of re‐experiencing the 9/11 terrorist attacks

Clouston

Kotov

Pietrzak

et al. 2016

Alz & Dem Diag Ass & Dis Mo

106

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IntroductionDuring the World Trade Center (WTC) attacks, responders who helped in search, rescue, and recovery endured multiple traumatic and toxic exposures. One-fifth subsequently developed post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD has been linked to dementia in veterans. This study examined the association between WTC-related PTSD and cognitive impairment (CI) in WTC responders.MethodsA one-third sample of responders (N = 818) reporting for annual monitoring visits were screened for cognitive impairment and dementia using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment from January 2014–April 2015. Concurrent diagnoses of PTSD and major depressive disorder (MDD), as well as serial PTSD and depressive symptom inventories, collected since 2002, were examined in relation to current CI.ResultsApproximately 12.8% and 1.2% of responders in this sample respectively had scores indicative of CI and possible dementia. Current PTSD and MDD were associated with CI. Longitudinal results revealed that re-experiencing symptoms were consistently associated with CI (aRR = 2.88, 95% confidence interval = 1.35–6.22), whereas longitudinal increases in other PTSD and depressive symptoms in the years before screening were evident only among those with CI.ConclusionsAnalyses replicated results from Veterans studies and further highlighted the importance of re-experiencing symptoms, a major component of PTSD that was consistently predictive of CI 14 years later. Clinicians should monitor CI when treating individuals with chronic PTSD.

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Re-experiencing phenomena following a disaster: The long-term predictive role of intrusion symptoms in the development of post-trauma depression and anxiety

Cited by 29 publications

References 28 publications

The Dynamic Relations Among Peritraumatic Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms: An Experience Sampling Study During Wartime

The Dynamic Relations Among Peritraumatic Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms: An Experience Sampling Study During Wartime

As we fall asleep we forget about the future: A quantitative linguistic analysis of mentation reports from hypnagogia

Cognitive impairment among World Trade Center responders: Long‐term implications of re‐experiencing the 9/11 terrorist attacks

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