The Dynamic Relations Among Peritraumatic Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms: An Experience Sampling Study During Wartime

Gelkopf, Marc; Pickman, Liron Lapid; Carlson, Eve B.; Greene, Talya

doi:10.1002/jts.22374

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…However, the speed with which these symptoms affect one another is likely faster than a single day. A recent study demonstrated that the relation between the clusters of PTSD varies depending on the frequency with which they were assessed (Gelkopf, Pickman, Carlson, & Greene, ). Future work should consider assessing symptoms multiple times per day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The short‐term dynamics of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms during the acute posttrauma period

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Legrand

Brier

et al. 2019

Depression and Anxiety

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Background The manner in which posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops remains largely unknown. PTSD is comprised of 20 symptoms across 4 clusters. These clusters were hypothesized to reflect a failure of recovery model in which intrusive symptoms appear first. Intrusive symptoms led to avoidance of trauma‐related stimuli, which resulted in sustained arousal. The sustained arousal ultimately led to dysphoria. Methods This hypothesized symptom progression was evaluated during the acute posttrauma period (the first 30 days postevent). Participants (N = 80) reported their PTSD symptoms for 30 days via mobile devices. Using a short‐term dynamic modeling framework, a temporal and contemporaneous model of PTSD symptoms was obtained. Results In the temporal network, a fear‐conditioning component was identified that supported the hypothesized set of relations among symptom clusters. The contemporaneous network was classified by two subnetworks. The first corresponded to a fear‐conditioning model that included symptoms of intrusions and avoidance. The second included symptoms of dysphoria and arousal. Conclusions These findings suggest that, after a trauma, there may be a fear‐conditioning process that involves intrusions, avoidance, and arousal symptoms. Dysphoric symptoms were also present but developed as a partially distinct component.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The short‐term dynamics of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms during the acute posttrauma period

Price

Legrand

Brier

et al. 2019

Depression and Anxiety

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“…The current study is part of a larger study conducted during and following the 2014 Israel–Gaza war (Gelkopf, Lapid Pickman, Carlson, & Greene, 2019; Gelkopf et al, 2017; Greene, 2018; Greene, Gelkopf, Epskamp, & Fried, 2018; Greene, Gelkopf, Fried, Robinaugh, & Lapid Pickman, 2020; Greene et al, 2017; Lapid Pickman, Greene, & Gelkopf, 2017). During this 50‐day conflict, more than 4500 rockets and mortar shells were fired from Gaza on Israeli communities and Israel conducted air and ground operations in Gaza.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional reactivity to war stressors: An experience sampling study in people with and without different psychiatric diagnoses

2020

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There is a lack of knowledge regarding real‐time emotional reactivity to high‐intensity stressors, particularly in people with mental illness, a potentially vulnerable population. The current study aimed to examine negative emotional reactions to recurring high‐intensity stressors within a continuous war situation, in people with different psychiatric diagnosis types. Experience sampling method was used to examine emotional reactions among 143 civilians exposed to rockets during the 2014 Israel–Gaza war, of them 18.2% with psychosis, 14.7% with anxiety or depression and 67.1% without mental illness. Participants reported exposure to rocket warning sirens and the levels of 10 negative emotions twice a day for 30 days. Negative emotional levels were higher on most emotions following high‐intensity stressors (sirens), that is, emotional reactivity was demonstrated in real‐time during war. Overall, no difference in reactivity was found among the three study groups. Moreover, people with anxiety/depression were less reactive than people without mental illness on sadness and being overwhelmed. The findings indicate similar and sometimes lower emotional reactivity to high‐intensity stressors in people with mental illness compared to the general population. Nevertheless, people with mental illness seem to have significant emotional needs during war, to be addressed in prevention and intervention efforts.

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“…While ways of dealing with trauma differ greatly between individuals, in large part they tend to relegate or even forget so as to repress what has a more painful meaning. Subsequently, this will have important consequences for the future: fear, terror, anger, frustration, helplessness, depression, introversion, mistrust, hypervigilance, repression, dissociation (Eisen & Goodman, 1998), and even "false memories" (Ackil & Zaragoza, 1998;Arditte Hall et al, 2019;Brainerd & Reyna, 1996;Gelkopf et al, 2019).…”

Section: The Memory Of Traumatic Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory and Trauma: Soldier Victims in the Colombian Armed Conflict

2020

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The Colombian government signed a revised version of the Havana Peace Deal with the country’s main guerrilla group, Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), in November 2016, giving rise to a set of new opportunities and challenges for the South American nation. Societies that make the transition from conflict to peace need to seek truth, justice, and reparation concerning massive and systematic violations. Thus truth, history, and historical memory (HM) are central to reconciliation and play a key role in fulfilling the national and international obligations of the state. HM in Colombia has emerged mainly from the voices of victims, generating a narrative of events in which the discourses of members of the Armed Forces has, by and large, tended either to be out of place, or is regarded as the perpetrators’ account. Military personnel have usually been perceived to be offenders or perpetrators; finding the “truth” based on narratives of traumatic events is complex. This research contributes to the debate on HM in Colombia and the right to truth, exploring the narratives and emotions of traumatized soldiers who suffered permanent physical injuries, and presenting the results of an interdisciplinary project conducted via a series of in-depth interviews. It brought to light important accounts and deeply negative feelings toward the perpetrators of violence and the government, but also mixed feelings about the institution of the military that soldier victims continue to harbor.

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The Dynamic Relations Among Peritraumatic Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms: An Experience Sampling Study During Wartime

Cited by 18 publications

References 51 publications

The short‐term dynamics of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms during the acute posttrauma period

The short‐term dynamics of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms during the acute posttrauma period

Emotional reactivity to war stressors: An experience sampling study in people with and without different psychiatric diagnoses

Memory and Trauma: Soldier Victims in the Colombian Armed Conflict

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