Re: Influence of the New AJCC Breast Cancer Staging System on Sentinel Lymph Node Positivity and False-Negative Rates

Atkins, Carl D.

doi:10.1093/jnci/djh308

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Lymphatic vessels, which have high permeability and a lack of tight junction structure compared to blood vessels, are particularly accessible for tumor cell invasion. Clinical studies on breast, cervical, head and neck, and ovarian cancer have revealed that, in most patients, an early sign of cancer spread is metastatic cells located in the regional draining lymph node [74] (reviewed by [5]). Clinical studies have also shown that the process of metastasis occurs in an orderly pattern, starting from the primary site, spreading through the lymphatic channel, and then to regional sentinel lymph nodes before disseminating systemically to distant organs (Figure 1(b)).…”

Section: Lymphangiogenesis and Tumor Metastasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Lymphangiogenesis as a Potential Therapeutic Target

Duong

Koopman

François

2012

Journal of Oncology

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Metastasis the spread of cancer cells to distant organs, is the main cause of death for cancer patients. Metastasis is often mediated by lymphatic vessels that invade the primary tumor, and an early sign of metastasis is the presence of cancer cells in the regional lymph node (the first lymph node colonized by metastasizing cancer cells from a primary tumor). Understanding the interplay between tumorigenesis and lymphangiogenesis (the formation of lymphatic vessels associated with tumor growth) will provide us with new insights into mechanisms that modulate metastatic spread. In the long term, these insights will help to define new molecular targets that could be used to block lymphatic vessel-mediated metastasis and increase patient survival. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of embryonic lymphangiogenesis and those that are recapitulated in tumor lymphangiogenesis, with a view to identifying potential targets for therapies designed to suppress tumor lymphangiogenesis and hence metastasis.

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Section: Lymphangiogenesis and Tumor Metastasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Lymphangiogenesis as a Potential Therapeutic Target

Duong

Koopman

François

2012

Journal of Oncology

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“…Interestingly, there is a rising incidence of breast carcinomas with micrometastatic lymph node involvement, possibly associated with the increased use of sentinel node biopsy [14]. In some cases, metastases in regional nodes are the first manifestation of breast cancer, prior to detection of the primary lesion [15].…”

Section: Introduction: Clinical Significance Of Lymphatic Metastases mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphatic metastasis in breast cancer: importance and new insights into cellular and molecular mechanisms

Eccles

Paon

Sleeman

2007

Clin Exp Metastasis

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Lymph node metastasis is the main prognosis factor in a number of malignancies, including breast carcinomas. The means by which lymph node metastases arise is not fully understood, and many questions remain about their importance in the further spread of breast cancer. Nevertheless, a number of key cellular and molecular mechanisms of lymphatic metastasis have been identified. These include induction of intra- or peri-tumoral lymphangiogenesis or co-option of existing lymphatic vessels to allow tumour cells to enter the lymphatics, although it remains to be established whether this is primarily an active or passive process. Gene expression microarrays and functional studies in vitro and in vivo, together with detailed clinical observations have identified a number of molecules that can play a role in the genesis of lymph node metastases. These include the well-recognised lymphangiogenic cytokines VEGF-C and VEGF-D as well as chemokine-receptor interactions, integrins and downstream signalling pathways. This paper briefly reviews current clinical and experimental evidence for the underlying mechanisms and significance of lymphatic metastasis in breast cancer and highlights questions that still need to be addressed.

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HMGB1 combining with tumor-associated macrophages enhanced lymphangiogenesis in human epithelial ovarian cancer

2013

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Within tumor microenvironment, high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are able to influence ovarian cancer development and progression via facilitating tumor lymphatic metastasis. However, little is known about the association between HMGB1 and TAMs on lymphangiogenesis in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). To investigate the effect of HMGB1 and TAMs on lymphangiogenesis in EOC, immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expressions of HMGB1, TAMs, and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) in a total of 108 ovarian tissue specimens. Then, the relationships between HMGB1 or TAMs and LVD were assessed by correlation test. In our in vitro study, TAMs were isolated from ascites of EOC patients. Effects of HMGB1, TAMs, and HMGB1 combining with TAMs on lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) proliferation, migration, and the capillary-like tube formation were measured. Results showed that the expression of HMGB1 and the number of TAMs infiltration were overexpressed in malignant ovarian tumors compared with that in normal ovarian and were closely associated with lymph node metastasis. Positive correlations existed between HMGB1 expression or TAMs count and LVD determination. In an in vitro study, data demonstrated that either HMGB1 or TAMs could facilitate lymphangiogenesis by inducing LEC proliferation, migration, and capillary-like tube formation. Meanwhile, HMGB1 combining with TAMs may augment the pro-lymphangiogenic property. Our data suggest that either HMGB1 or TAMs could facilitate lymphangiogenesis, while HMGB1 coculture with TAMs may strengthen the pro-lymphangiogenic potential, which may serve as a therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.

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Re: Influence of the New AJCC Breast Cancer Staging System on Sentinel Lymph Node Positivity and False-Negative Rates

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Tumor Lymphangiogenesis as a Potential Therapeutic Target

Tumor Lymphangiogenesis as a Potential Therapeutic Target

Lymphatic metastasis in breast cancer: importance and new insights into cellular and molecular mechanisms

HMGB1 combining with tumor-associated macrophages enhanced lymphangiogenesis in human epithelial ovarian cancer

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