Re-Inventing Traditions: Connecting Contests in the Hellenistic and Roman World

Urban Rituals in Sacred Landscapes in Hellenistic Asia Minor

“…But see Parker (2004) who underscores the growth in 'panhellenic' festivals as a civic initiative; also Chaniotis (1995) and Wiemer (2009), 117. On the civic dimensions of athletic contests: van Nijf (1999) and; also van Nijf and Williamson (2015) and on festival networks. 257 Several instances of connection in concern sanctuaries: e.g.…”

“…The panhellenic festivals got much of the Greek world involved in celebrating the cult of Hekate, while making them acknowledge were also found at the site from Alabanda, Bargylia, Rhodes, Ephesos, and Miletos, see Tırpan and Söğüt (2007b), 394. The impact of this in terms of network is further discussed in van Nijf and Williamson (2015); ; and more on the Romaia in van Nijf and van Dijk (2020). 268 Stratonikeia had a border conflict with Mylasa in the mid-second century BC, which may have been resolved by this time: I.…”

“…The same dynamics were later used by the polis at Lagina and again through another priest at Panamara, probably in the first century BC.147 Stratonikeia may also have been one of the cities to acknowledge the ancient asylia of Panamara, implying some kind of formal relationship.148 The Panamareis clearly had some degree of autonomy, and van Bremen dates this inscription to the period of transition in the mid-second century BC, before the sanctuary was entirely controlled by Stratonikeia.149 Leon's personal motives for being so deeply invested at Panamara remain unknown. This may have been a means of self- Hobsbawm and Ranger (1992), applied to the surge of festival culture in the Graeco-Roman era in van Nijf and Williamson (2015). 147 On asylia as an indicator for wider social interaction, see promotion by an ambitious member of the urban elite, as LaBuff suggests.150 Equally, Leon may also have been acting on behalf of Stratonikeia in securing a strategic buffer zone of stability and goodwill for the polis down to the coast, as van Bremen argues.151 Whatever the original intent, Stratonikeia eventually did gain a foothold to the south, surely accelerated through the presence of the polis at Panamara.…”

“…Discussed below.3 This section draws in part onWilliamson ( ), (2013b;van Nijf and Williamson (2015) and (2016). 4Hanfmann and Waldbaum (1968).…”

Carving communities in stone

“…29 Malkin 2003;Malkin, Constantakopoulou, and Panagopoulou 2009;Malkin 2011;Rutherford 2007 (a version of this article also appeared in Malkin, Constantakopoulou, and Panagopoulou 2009); Mack 2015. 30 On the Connecting the Greeks project, see the preliminary publications van Nijf and Williamson 2015;van Nijf et al 2016. An important contribution is also their online 'Connected Contests' database of festivals, athletes, and other participating individuals (see link in bibliography).…”